English
Related papers

Related papers: Efficient Preference-based Reinforcement Learning …

200 papers

Learning a reward function from human preferences is challenging as it typically requires having a high-fidelity simulator or using expensive and potentially unsafe actual physical rollouts in the environment. However, in many tasks the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Daniel Shin , Anca D. Dragan , Daniel S. Brown

Learning from feedback is an instrumental process for advancing the capabilities and safety of frontier models, yet its effectiveness is often constrained by cost and scalability. We present a pilot study that explores scaling reward models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jingxuan Fan , Yueying Li , Zhenting Qi , Dinghuai Zhang , Kianté Brantley , Sham M. Kakade , Hanlin Zhang

Deep Reinforcement Learning is widely used for aligning Large Language Models (LLM) with human preference. However, the conventional reward modelling is predominantly dependent on human annotations provided by a select cohort of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Dexun Li , Cong Zhang , Kuicai Dong , Derrick Goh Xin Deik , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a predominant technique to align language models (LMs) with human preferences or promote outputs which are deemed to be desirable by a given reward function. Standard RL approaches optimize average…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Stephen Zhao , Aidan Li , Rob Brekelmans , Roger Grosse

Environments with procedurally generated content serve as important benchmarks for testing systematic generalization in deep reinforcement learning. In this setting, each level is an algorithmically created environment instance with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Minqi Jiang , Edward Grefenstette , Tim Rocktäschel

Recent works have advanced feedback-based learning systems, whereby a foundation model is able to intake incoming feedback (e.g., a user) to self-improve, creating a self-loop system of training. However, existing works are limited in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Seohyun Lee , Wenzhi Fang , Dong-Jun Han , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Christopher G. Brinton

Attention-based sequential recommendation methods have shown promise in accurately capturing users' evolving interests from their past interactions. Recent research has also explored the integration of reinforcement learning (RL) into these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Melissa Mozifian , Tristan Sylvain , Dave Evans , Lili Meng

Effective prompt engineering remains a central challenge in fully harnessing the capabilities of LLMs. While well-designed prompts can dramatically enhance performance, crafting them typically demands expert intuition and a nuanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Paweł Batorski , Adrian Kosmala , Paul Swoboda

Recent advancements in LLM post-training, particularly through reinforcement learning and preference optimization, are key to boosting their reasoning capabilities. However, these methods often suffer from low sample efficiency and a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zichuan Liu , Jinyu Wang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

Sampling is ubiquitous in machine learning methodologies. Due to the growth of large datasets and model complexity, we want to learn and adapt the sampling process while training a representation. Towards achieving this grand goal, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Jason Xiaotian Dou , Alvin Qingkai Pan , Runxue Bao , Haiyi Harry Mao , Lei Luo , Zhi-Hong Mao

Training sample re-weighting is an effective approach for tackling data biases such as imbalanced and corrupted labels. Recent methods develop learning-based algorithms to learn sample re-weighting strategies jointly with model training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Zizhao Zhang , Tomas Pfister

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms have been successfully applied to a range of challenging control tasks. However, these methods typically suffer from three core difficulties: temporal credit assignment with sparse rewards, lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Shauharda Khadka , Kagan Tumer

We study a class of reinforcement learning problems where the reward signals for policy learning are generated by an internal reward model that is dependent on and jointly optimized with the policy. This interdependence between the policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Mengdi Li , Xufeng Zhao , Jae Hee Lee , Cornelius Weber , Stefan Wermter

Reinforcement learning (RL) can align language models with non-differentiable reward signals, such as human preferences. However, a major challenge arises from the sparsity of these reward signals - typically, there is only a single reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Meng Cao , Lei Shu , Lei Yu , Yun Zhu , Nevan Wichers , Yinxiao Liu , Lei Meng

Our goal is for agents to optimize the right reward function, despite how difficult it is for us to specify what that is. Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) enables us to infer reward functions from demonstrations, but it usually assumes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Rohin Shah , Noah Gundotra , Pieter Abbeel , Anca D. Dragan

Large language models are increasingly used for complex reasoning tasks where high-quality offline data such as expert-annotated solutions and distilled reasoning traces are often available. However, in environments with sparse rewards,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yihao Liu , Shuocheng Li , Lang Cao , Yuhang Xie , Mengyu Zhou , Haoyu Dong , Xiaojun Ma , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang

Current advances in recommender systems have been remarkably successful in optimizing immediate engagement. However, long-term user engagement, a more desirable performance metric, remains difficult to improve. Meanwhile, recent…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Wanqi Xue , Qingpeng Cai , Zhenghai Xue , Shuo Sun , Shuchang Liu , Dong Zheng , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai , Bo An

Providing Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents with human feedback can dramatically improve various aspects of learning. However, previous methods require human observer to give inputs explicitly (e.g., press buttons, voice interface),…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Duo Xu , Mohit Agarwal , Ekansh Gupta , Faramarz Fekri , Raghupathy Sivakumar

Preference-based reinforcement learning can learn effective reward functions from comparisons, but its scalability is constrained by the high cost of oracle feedback. Lightweight vision-language embedding (VLE) models provide a cheaper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Udita Ghosh , Dripta S. Raychaudhuri , Jiachen Li , Konstantinos Karydis , Amit Roy-Chowdhury

For reinforcement learning on complex stochastic systems where many factors dynamically impact the output trajectories, it is desirable to effectively leverage the information from historical samples collected in previous iterations to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-09-13 Hua Zheng , Wei Xie , M. Ben Feng