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As the use of interactive AI systems becomes increasingly prevalent in our daily lives, it is crucial to understand how individuals feel when interacting with such systems. In this work, we investigate the comfort level of individuals when…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Yi Ru Wang , Jiafei Duan , Sidharth Talia , Hao Zhu

Human-robot studies are expensive to conduct and difficult to control, and as such researchers sometimes turn to human-avatar interaction in the hope of faster and cheaper data collection that can be transferred to the robot domain. In…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Na Li , Robert Ross

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes more widespread, one question that arises is how human-AI interaction might impact human-human interaction. Chatbots, for example, are increasingly used as social companions, and while much is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Rose E. Guingrich , Michael S. A. Graziano

Online social network analysis has attracted great attention with a vast number of users sharing information and availability of APIs that help to crawl online social network data. In this paper, we study the research studies that are…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-12-28 Tayfun Tuna , Esra Akbas , Ahmet Aksoy , Muhammed Abdullah Canbaz , Umit Karabiyik , Bilal Gonen , Ramazan Aygun

The widespread adoption of conversational AI platforms has introduced new security and privacy risks. While these risks and their mitigation strategies have been extensively researched from a technical perspective, users' perceptions of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Mutahar Ali , Arjun Arunasalam , Habiba Farrukh

With the ongoing penetration of conversational user interfaces, a better understanding of social and emotional characteristic inherent to dialogue is required. Chatbots in particular face the challenge of conveying human-like behaviour…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Natascha Mariacher , Stephan Schlögl , Alexander Monz

Crowdsourcing human-solving or online typing attacks are destructive problems. However, studies into these topics have been limited. In this paper, we focus on this kind of attacks whereby all the CAPTCHAs can be simply broken because of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Jianyi Zhang , Xiali Hei , Zhiqiang Wang

In this research, we conduct a user study that compares different computer/system authentication methods. More specifically, we look into comparing regular password authentication with picture authentication. Picture authentication means…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Ignacio Astaburuaga

To mitigate dictionary attacks or similar undesirable automated attacks to information systems, developers mostly prefer using CAPTCHA challenges as Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) to distinguish between human users and scripts. Appropriate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Emre Mulazimoglu , Murat P. Cakir , Cengiz Acarturk

With the increased adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in industry and society, effective human-AI interaction systems are becoming increasingly important. A central challenge in the interaction of humans with AI is the estimation of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Philipp Spitzer , Joshua Holstein , Michael Vössing , Niklas Kühl

In this paper we study the suitability of a new generation of CAPTCHA methods based on smartphone interactions. The heterogeneous flow of data generated during the interaction with the smartphones can be used to model human behavior when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Alejandro Acien , Aythami Morales , Julian Fierrez , Ruben Vera-Rodriguez , Oscar Delgado-Mohatar

Chatbots, the common moniker for collaborative assistants, are Artificial Intelligence (AI) software that enables people to naturally interact with them to get tasks done. Although chatbots have been studied since the dawn of AI, they have…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Biplav Srivastava , Kausik Lakkaraju , Tarmo Koppel , Vignesh Narayanan , Ashish Kundu , Sachindra Joshi

In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) especially multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), has enabled it to understand text, images, videos, and other multimedia data, allowing AI systems to execute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Lehao Lin , Ke Wang , Maha Abdallah , Wei Cai

As generative AI chatbots become more personalized and emotionally responsive, they increasingly serve as companions, friends, and romantic partners. Yet these relationships are accompanied by significant uncertainty: users question the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Renwen Zhang , Lezi Xie

Preventing abuse of web services by bots is an increasingly important problem, as abusive activities grow in both volume and variety. CAPTCHAs are the most common way for thwarting bot activities. However, they are often ineffective against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Yoshimichi Nakatsuka , Ercan Ozturk , Andrew Paverd , Gene Tsudik

Online services rely on CAPTCHAs as a first line of defense against automated abuse, yet recent advances in multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have eroded the effectiveness of conventional designs that focus on text recognition or 2D…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Arina Kharlamova , Bowei He , Chen Ma , Xue Liu

Existing captcha solutions on the Internet are a major source of user frustration. Game captchas are an interesting and, to date, little-studied approach claiming to make captcha solving a fun activity for the users. One broad form of such…

Text password has served as the most popular method for user authentication so far, and is not likely to be totally replaced in foreseeable future. Password authentication offers several desirable properties (e.g., low-cost, highly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Lam Tran , Thuc Nguyen , Changho Seo , Hyunil Kim , Deokjai Choi

Two-factor authentication (2F) aims to enhance resilience of password-based authentication by requiring users to provide an additional authentication factor, e.g., a code generated by a security token. However, it also introduces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-03 Emiliano De Cristofaro , Honglu Du , Julien Freudiger , Greg Norcie

As multimodal large language models (LLMs) advance, traditional CAPTCHAs have become obsolete at distinguishing humans from bots. To address this shift, this paper aims to investigate the possibility of using tasks for which humans have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Choon-Hou Rafael Chong