Related papers: The Polynomial Hierarchy does not collapse
(1) Let 1\leq k\leq \omega. Call an atom structure \alpha weakly k neat representable, the term algebra is in \RCA_n\cap \Nr_n\CA_{n+k}, but the complex algebra is not representable. Call an atom structure neat if there is an atomic algebra…
Let ${\mathcal A}$ be a nonempty real central arrangement of hyperplanes and ${\rm \bf Ch}$ be the set of chambers of ${\mathcal A}$. Each hyperplane $H$ defines a half-space $H^{+} $ and the other half-space $H^{-}$. Let $B = \{+, -\}$.…
Classical logic predicts that everything (thus nothing useful at all) follows from inconsistency. A paraconsistent logic is a logic where an inconsistency does not lead to such an explosion, and since in practice consistency is difficult to…
An automaton is partially ordered if the only cycles in its transition diagram are self-loops. The expressivity of partially ordered NFAs (poNFAs) can be characterized by the Straubing-Th\'erien hierarchy. Level 3/2 is recognized by poNFAs,…
For every fixed class of regular languages, there is a natural hierarchy of increasingly more general problems: Firstly, the membership problem asks whether a given language belongs to the fixed class of languages. Secondly, the separation…
Alignments, i.e., position-wise comparisons of two or more strings or ordered lists are of utmost practical importance in computational biology and a host of other fields, including historical linguistics and emerging areas of research in…
We show that Hilbert's Nullstellensatz, the problem of deciding if a system of multivariate polynomial equations has a solution in the algebraic closure of the underlying field, lies in the counting hierarchy. More generally, we show that…
The monomial basis for polynomials in N variables is labeled by compositions. To each composition there is associated a hook-length product, which is a product of linear functions of a parameter. The zeroes of this product are related to…
We consider the task of enumerating and counting answers to $k$-ary conjunctive queries against relational databases that may be updated by inserting or deleting tuples. We exhibit a new notion of q-hierarchical conjunctive queries and show…
In constructive algebra one cannot in general decide the irreducibility of a polynomial over a field K. This poses some problems to showing the existence of the algebraic closure of K. We give a possible constructive interpretation of the…
Let S be an abelian semigroup, and A a finite subset of S. The sumset hA consists of all sums of h elements of A, with repetitions allowed. Let |hA| denote the cardinality of hA. Elementary lattice point arguments are used to prove that an…
We show the diagonal problem for higher-order pushdown automata (HOPDA), and hence the simultaneous unboundedness problem, is decidable. From recent work by Zetzsche this means that we can construct the downward closure of the set of words…
We consider the class of polynomial optimization problems $\inf \{f(x):x\in K\}$ for which the quadratic module generated by the polynomials that define $K$ and the polynomial $c-f$ (for some scalar $c$) is Archimedean. For such problems,…
We investigate two operators on classes of regular languages: polynomial closure (Pol) and Boolean closure (Bool). We apply these operators to classes of group languages G and to their well-suited extensions G+, which is the least Boolean…
The focus of this work is the study of Parikh matrices with emphasis on two concrete problems. In the first part of our presentation we show that a conjecture by Dick at al. in 2021 only stands in the case of ternary alphabets, while…
In this article, we study classes of multidimensional subshifts defined by multihead finite automata, in particular the hierarchy of classes of subshifts defined as the number of heads grows. The hierarchy collapses on the third level,…
Let $A$ be a tame hereditary algebra over a finite field $k$ with $q$ elements, and ${\bar{A}}$ be the duplicated algebra of $A$. In this paper, we investigate the structure of Ringel-Hall algebra $\mathscr{H} (\bar{A})$ and of the…
This paper investigates learning-augmented algorithms for smooth integer programs, covering canonical problems such as MAX-CUT and MAX-k-SAT. We introduce a framework that incorporates a predictive oracle to construct a linear surrogate of…
The organization of latent token representations plays a crucial role in determining the stability, generalization, and contextual consistency of language models, yet conventional approaches to embedding refinement often rely on parameter…
We indicate a way of distinguishing between structures, for which, two structures are said to be separable.Being separable implies being non-isomorphic. We show that for any first order theory $T$ in a countable language, if it has an…