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Sampling is a common strategy for generating text from probabilistic models, yet standard ancestral sampling often results in text that is incoherent or ungrammatical. To alleviate this issue, various modifications to a model's sampling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Clara Meister , Tiago Pimentel , Luca Malagutti , Ethan G. Wilcox , Ryan Cotterell

Speculative decoding accelerates LLM inference by drafting multiple tokens and verifying them in parallel with the target model. However, its practical speedup is constrained by the trade-off between draft quality and drafting cost:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jianuo Huang , Yaojie Zhang , Qituan Zhang , Hao Lin , Hanlin Xu , Linfeng Zhang

Autoregressive models have transformed protein engineering by enabling the generation of novel protein sequences beyond those found in nature. However, their sequential inference introduces significant latency, limiting their utility in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Thomas Walton , Darin Tsui , Aryan Musharaf , Amirali Aghazadeh

We present a simple on the fly method for faster inference of large language models. Unlike other (self-)speculative decoding techniques, our method does not require fine-tuning or black-box optimization to generate a fixed draft model,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Michael R. Metel , Peng Lu , Boxing Chen , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Ivan Kobyzev

Independence assumptions during sequence generation can speed up inference, but parallel generation of highly inter-dependent tokens comes at a cost in quality. Instead of assuming independence between neighbouring tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Biao Zhang , Ivan Titov , Rico Sennrich

Inference efficiency in Large Language Models (LLMs) is fundamentally limited by their serial, autoregressive generation, especially as reasoning becomes a key capability and response sequences grow longer. Speculative decoding (SD) offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Haoyun Jiang , Junqi He , Feng Hong , Xinlong Yang , Jianwei Zhang , Zheng Li , Zhengyang Zhuge , Zhiyong Chen , Bo Han , Junyang Lin , Jiangchao Yao

Decoding strategies play a central role in shaping the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs). Traditional methods such as greedy decoding and beam search often suffer from error propagation, while sampling-based approaches…

In current Large Language Models we can trust the production of smoothly flowing prose on the basis of the principles of machine learning. However, there is no comparably principled basis to justify trust in the content of the text…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Leslie G. Valiant

In a multi-stage recommendation system, reranking plays a crucial role in modeling intra-list correlations among items. A key challenge lies in exploring optimal sequences within the combinatorial space of permutations. Recent research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhijie Lin , Zhuofeng Li , Chenglei Dai , Wentian Bao , Shuai Lin , Enyun Yu , Haoxiang Zhang , Liang Zhao

Speculative decoding accelerates Large Language Model inference via a draft-then-verify paradigm, yet the output projection layer becomes a bottleneck as vocabulary sizes scale. While existing static pruning methods effectively reduce this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Shuyu Zhang , Lingfeng Pan , Qicheng Wang , Yaqi Shi , Yueyang Tan , Ruyu Yan , Jiaqi Chen , Lixing Du , Lu Wang

Parallel diffusion decoding can accelerate diffusion language model inference by unmasking multiple tokens per step, but aggressive parallelism often harms quality. Revocable decoding mitigates this by rechecking earlier tokens, yet we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yanzheng Xiang , Lan Wei , Yizhen Yao , Qinglin Zhu , Hanqi Yan , Chen Jin , Philip Alexander Teare , Dandan Zhang , Lin Gui , Amrutha Saseendran , Yulan He

Traditional language models operate autoregressively, i.e., they predict one token at a time. Rapid explosion in model sizes has resulted in high inference times. In this work, we propose DynaMo, a suite of multi-token prediction language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Shikhar Tuli , Chi-Heng Lin , Yen-Chang Hsu , Niraj K. Jha , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

Conditional neural text generation models generate high-quality outputs, but often concentrate around a mode when what we really want is a diverse set of options. We present a search algorithm to construct lattices encoding a massive number…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Jiacheng Xu , Siddhartha Reddy Jonnalagadda , Greg Durrett

Simultaneous translation has many important application scenarios and attracts much attention from both academia and industry recently. Most existing frameworks, however, have difficulties in balancing between the translation quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Renjie Zheng , Mingbo Ma , Baigong Zheng , Kaibo Liu , Liang Huang

The power of natural language generation models has provoked a flurry of interest in automatic methods to detect if a piece of text is human or machine-authored. The problem so far has been framed in a standard supervised way and consists…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Matthias Gallé , Jos Rozen , Germán Kruszewski , Hady Elsahar

Language models with recurrent depth, also referred to as universal or looped when considering transformers, are defined by the capacity to increase their computation through the repetition of layers. Recent efforts in pretraining have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Jonas Geiping , Xinyu Yang , Guinan Su

Standard chain-of-thought reasoning generates a solution in a single forward pass, committing irrevocably to each token and lacking a mechanism to recover from early errors. We introduce Inference-Time Rethinking, a generative framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Deqian Kong , Minglu Zhao , Aoyang Qin , Bo Pang , Chenxin Tao , David Hartmann , Edouardo Honig , Dehong Xu , Amit Kumar , Matt Sarte , Chuan Li , Jianwen Xie , Ying Nian Wu

Speculative decoding (SD), where a small draft model is employed to propose draft tokens in advance and then the target model validates them in parallel, has emerged as a promising technique for LLM inference acceleration. Many endeavors to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Tianyu Liu , Qitan Lv , Hao Li , Xing Gao , Xiao Sun , Xiaoyan Sun

Knowledge-intensive language tasks require NLP systems to both provide the correct answer and retrieve supporting evidence for it in a given corpus. Autoregressive language models are emerging as the de-facto standard for generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Michele Bevilacqua , Giuseppe Ottaviano , Patrick Lewis , Wen-tau Yih , Sebastian Riedel , Fabio Petroni

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising masked token sequences. Although dLLMs can predict all masked positions in parallel within each step, the large number of denoising iterations still makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shengyin Sun , Yiming Li , Renxi Liu , Xinqi Li , Hui-Ling Zhen , Weizhe Lin , Chen Chen , Xianzhi Yu , Mingxuan Yuan , Chen Ma
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