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The Internet and online forums such as Reddit have become an increasingly popular medium for citizens to engage in political conversations. However, the online disinhibition effect resulting from the ability to use pseudonymous identities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Rishab Nithyanand , Brian Schaffner , Phillipa Gill

The rapid growth of social media platforms has raised significant concerns regarding online content toxicity. When Large Language Models (LLMs) are used for toxicity detection, two key challenges emerge: 1) the absence of domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yibo Zhao , Jiapeng Zhu , Can Xu , Yao Liu , Xiang Li

While social media has become an empowering agent to individual voices and freedom of expression, it also facilitates anti-social behaviors including online harassment, cyberbullying, and hate speech. In this paper, we present the first…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Mai ElSherief , Shirin Nilizadeh , Dana Nguyen , Giovanni Vigna , Elizabeth Belding

Hate speech is a widespread and harmful form of online discourse, encompassing slurs and defamatory posts that can have serious social, psychological, and sometimes physical impacts on targeted individuals and communities. As social media…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Santosh Chapagain , Shah Muhammad Hamdi , Soukaina Filali Boubrahimi

The #MeToo movement has catalyzed widespread public discourse surrounding sexual harassment and assault, empowering survivors to share their stories and holding perpetrators accountable. While the movement has had a substantial and largely…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Sayak Saha Roy , Ohad Gilbar , Christina Palantza , Maxine Davis , Shirin Nilizadeh

The damaging effects of hate speech on social media are evident during the last few years, and several organizations, researchers and social media platforms tried to harness them in various ways. Despite these efforts, social media users…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Polychronis Charitidis , Stavros Doropoulos , Stavros Vologiannidis , Ioannis Papastergiou , Sophia Karakeva

Online hate speech has become increasingly prevalent on social media, causing harm to individuals and society. While automated content moderation has received considerable attention, user-driven counterspeech remains a less explored yet…

Social media has become an indispensable channel for political communication. However, the political discourse is increasingly characterized by hate speech, which affects not only the reputation of individual politicians but also the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Kirill Solovev , Nicolas Pröllochs

Online social networks create echo-chambers where people are infrequently exposed to opposing opinions. Even if such exposure occurs, the persuasive effect may be minimal or nonexistent. Recent studies have shown that exposure to opposing…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Qi Yang , Khizar Qureshi , Tauhid Zaman

Receiving negative sentiment, offensive comments, or even hate speech is a constant part of the working experience of content creators (CCs) on YouTube - a growing occupational group in the platform economy. This study investigates how…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Sarah Weißmann , Aaron Philipp , Roland Verwiebe , Chiara Osorio Krauter , Nina-Sophie Fritsch , Claudia Buder

Fringe communities promoting conspiracy theories and extremist ideologies have thrived on mainstream platforms, raising questions about the mechanisms driving their growth. Here, we hypothesize and study a possible mechanism: new members…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Giuseppe Russo , Manoel Horta Ribeiro , Robert West

Hate speech represents a pervasive and detrimental form of online discourse, often manifested through an array of slurs, from hateful tweets to defamatory posts. As such speech proliferates, it connects people globally and poses significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Paloma Piot , Patricia Martín-Rodilla , Javier Parapar

The rapid integration of the Internet into our daily lives has led to many benefits but also to a number of new, wide-spread threats such as online hate, trolling, bullying, and generally aggressive behaviours. While research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Fatima Zahrah , Jason R. C. Nurse , Michael Goldsmith

Combating online hate speech in multilingual settings requires approaches that go beyond English-centric models and capture the cultural and linguistic diversity of global online discourse. This paper presents a comprehensive survey and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zahra Safdari Fesaghandis , Suman Kalyan Maity

Online hate speech is an important issue that breaks the cohesiveness of online social communities and even raises public safety concerns in our societies. Motivated by this rising issue, researchers have developed many traditional machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Tuan-Anh Hoang

With the rapid growth of social media usage, a common trend has emerged where users often make sarcastic comments on posts. While sarcasm can sometimes be harmless, it can blur the line with cyberbullying, especially when used in negative…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Pinky Pamecha , Chaitya Shah , Divyam Jain , Kashish Gandhi , Kiran Bhowmick , Meera Narvekar

This paper examines the shift in focus on content policies and user attitudes on the social media platform Reddit. We do this by focusing on comments from general Reddit users from five posts made by admins (moderators) on updates to Reddit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Elissa Nakajima Wickham , Emily Öhman

The phenomenal growth on the internet has helped in empowering individual's expressions, but the misuse of freedom of expression has also led to the increase of various cyber crimes and anti-social activities. Hate speech is one such issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Prashant Kapil , Asif Ekbal , Dipankar Das

Efforts by content creators and social networks to enforce legal and policy-based norms, e.g. blocking hate speech and users, has driven the rise of unrestricted communication platforms. One such recent effort is Dissenter, a browser and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Erik Rye , Jeremy Blackburn , Robert Beverly

The advent of the internet has been both a blessing and a curse for once marginalised communities. When used well, the internet can be used to connect and establish communities crossing different intersections; however, it can also be used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sidney Wong