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We train neural models for morphological analysis, generation and lemmatization for morphologically rich languages. We present a method for automatically extracting substantially large amount of training data from FSTs for 22 languages, out…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Mika Hämäläinen , Niko Partanen , Jack Rueter , Khalid Alnajjar

The paper proposes the task of universal semantic tagging---tagging word tokens with language-neutral, semantically informative tags. We argue that the task, with its independent nature, contributes to better semantic analysis for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-10-02 Lasha Abzianidze , Johan Bos

In this paper we study how different ways of combining character and word-level representations affect the quality of both final word and sentence representations. We provide strong empirical evidence that modeling characters improves the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Jorge A. Balazs , Yutaka Matsuo

Tokenization is a foundational step in the text process of Large Language Models (LLMs). Texts must be first tokenized into token IDs, which are then input to LLMs. Inefficient tokenization results in long token-ID sequences and will slow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chong Li , Yingzhuo Deng , Wen Yang , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

Tongue imaging serves as a valuable diagnostic tool, particularly in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The quality of tongue surface segmentation significantly affects the accuracy of tongue image classification and subsequent diagnosis…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-22 Jiacheng Xie , Ziyang Zhang , Biplab Poudel , Congyu Guo , Yang Yu , Guanghui An , Xiaoting Tang , Lening Zhao , Chunhui Xu , Dong Xu

In this paper we consider two sequence tagging tasks for medieval Latin: part-of-speech tagging and lemmatization. These are both basic, yet foundational preprocessing steps in applications such as text re-use detection. Nevertheless, they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Mike Kestemont , Jeroen De Gussem

Prior studies in multilingual language modeling (e.g., Cotterell et al., 2018; Mielke et al., 2019) disagree on whether or not inflectional morphology makes languages harder to model. We attempt to resolve the disagreement and extend those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-29 Hyunji Hayley Park , Katherine J. Zhang , Coleman Haley , Kenneth Steimel , Han Liu , Lane Schwartz

We present an extensive evaluation of three recently proposed methods for contextualized embeddings on 89 corpora in 54 languages of the Universal Dependencies 2.3 in three tasks: POS tagging, lemmatization, and dependency parsing.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Milan Straka , Jana Straková , Jan Hajič

This paper proposes a framework to improve the typing experience of mobile users in morphologically rich languages. Smartphone keyboards typically support features such as input decoding, corrections and predictions that all rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Andreas Kabel , Keith Hall , Tom Ouyang , David Rybach , Daan van Esch , Françoise Beaufays

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) using labeled task data can significantly improve the performance of large language models (LLMs) on the downstream task. However, there are 7000 languages in the world and many of these languages lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Alexandra Chronopoulou , Jonas Pfeiffer , Joshua Maynez , Xinyi Wang , Sebastian Ruder , Priyanka Agrawal

Trigrams'n'Tags (TnT) is an efficient statistical part-of-speech tagger. Contrary to claims found elsewhere in the literature, we argue that a tagger based on Markov models performs at least as well as other current approaches, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Thorsten Brants

The detection and normalization of temporal expressions is an important task and preprocessing step for many applications. However, prior work on normalization is rule-based, which severely limits the applicability in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Lukas Lange , Jannik Strötgen , Heike Adel , Dietrich Klakow

As retrieval-augmented generation prevails in large language models, embedding models are becoming increasingly crucial. Despite the growing number of general embedding models, prior work often overlooks the critical role of training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Xinshuo Hu , Zifei Shan , Xinping Zhao , Zetian Sun , Zhenyu Liu , Dongfang Li , Shaolin Ye , Xinyuan Wei , Qian Chen , Baotian Hu , Haofen Wang , Jun Yu , Min Zhang

Going beyond mere fine-tuning of vision-language models (VLMs), learnable prompt tuning has emerged as a promising, resource-efficient alternative. Despite their potential, effectively learning prompts faces the following challenges: (i)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hari Chandana Kuchibhotla , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Abbavaram Gowtham Reddy , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

This paper describes the process of building an annotated corpus and training models for classical French literature, with a focus on theatre, and particularly comedies in verse. It was originally developed as a preliminary step to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Jean-Baptiste Camps , Simon Gabay , Paul Fièvre , Thibault Clérice , Florian Cafiero

Current language models (LMs) use a fixed, static subword tokenizer. This default choice typically results in degraded efficiency and language capabilities, especially in languages other than English. To address this issue, we challenge the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Darius Feher , Ivan Vulić , Benjamin Minixhofer

Rote learning is a memorization technique based on repetition. Many researchers argue that rote learning hinders generalization because it encourages verbatim memorization rather than deeper understanding. This concern extends even to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Qinyuan Wu , Soumi Das , Mahsa Amani , Bishwamittra Ghosh , Mohammad Aflah Khan , Krishna P. Gummadi , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

Large Language Models (LLMs), benefiting from the auto-regressive modelling approach performed on massive unannotated texts corpora, demonstrates powerful perceptual and reasoning capabilities. However, as for extending auto-regressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Tianshuo Peng , Zuchao Li , Lefei Zhang , Hai Zhao , Ping Wang , Bo Du

We introduce categorical modularity, a novel low-resource intrinsic metric to evaluate word embedding quality. Categorical modularity is a graph modularity metric based on the $k$-nearest neighbor graph constructed with embedding vectors of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Sílvia Casacuberta , Karina Halevy , Damián E. Blasi

We demonstrate the effectiveness of multilingual learning for unsupervised part-of-speech tagging. The central assumption of our work is that by combining cues from multiple languages, the structure of each becomes more apparent. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-01-23 Tahira Naseem , Benjamin Snyder , Jacob Eisenstein , Regina Barzilay