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Concept-based machine learning methods have increasingly gained importance due to the growing interest in making neural networks interpretable. However, concept annotations are generally challenging to obtain, making it crucial to leverage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Alba Carballo-Castro , Sonia Laguna , Moritz Vandenhirtz , Julia E. Vogt

Interpreting the inner workings of deep learning models is crucial for establishing trust and ensuring model safety. Concept-based explanations have emerged as a superior approach that is more interpretable than feature attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Mara Graziani , Laura O' Mahony , An-Phi Nguyen , Henning Müller , Vincent Andrearczyk

Explainability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has been garnering increasing attention in recent years. Of the various explainability approaches, concept-based techniques stand out for their ability to utilize human-meaningful concepts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Fatemeh Aghaeipoor , Dorsa Asgarian , Mohammad Sabokrou

Neural network models are widely used in a variety of domains, often as black-box solutions, since they are not directly interpretable for humans. The field of explainable artificial intelligence aims at developing explanation methods to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Patrik Hammersborg , Inga Strümke

Concept-based explainability methods use human-understandable intermediaries to produce explanations for machine learning models. These methods assume concept predictions can help understand a model's internal reasoning. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Naveen Raman , Mateo Espinosa Zarlenga , Juyeon Heo , Mateja Jamnik

Concept bottleneck models map from raw inputs to concepts, and then from concepts to targets. Such models aim to incorporate pre-specified, high-level concepts into the learning procedure, and have been motivated to meet three desiderata:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Andrei Margeloiu , Matthew Ashman , Umang Bhatt , Yanzhi Chen , Mateja Jamnik , Adrian Weller

Concept-based explanation approach is a popular model interpertability tool because it expresses the reasons for a model's predictions in terms of concepts that are meaningful for the domain experts. In this work, we study the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Mohammad Taha Bahadori , David E. Heckerman

Concept-based methods have emerged as a promising direction to develop interpretable neural networks in standard supervised settings. However, most works that study them in incremental settings assume either a static concept set across all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Susmit Agrawal , Deepika Vemuri , Sri Siddarth Chakaravarthy P , Vineeth N. Balasubramanian

The lack of transparency in the decision-making processes of deep learning systems presents a significant challenge in modern artificial intelligence (AI), as it impairs users' ability to rely on and verify these systems. To address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-18 David Debot , Pietro Barbiero , Francesco Giannini , Gabriele Ciravegna , Michelangelo Diligenti , Giuseppe Marra

Concept-based Models (CMs) enhance interpretability in deep learning by grounding predictions in human-understandable concepts. However, concept annotations are costly and rarely available at scale within a single data source. Federated…

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are often considered black boxes due to their opaque decision-making processes. To reduce their opacity Concept Models (CMs), such as Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs), were introduced to predict human-defined…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jack Furby , Dan Cunnington , Dave Braines , Alun Preece

With the growing popularity of general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs), comes a need for more global explanations of model behaviors. Concept-based explanations arise as a promising avenue for explaining high-level patterns learned by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Meng Li , Haoran Jin , Ruixuan Huang , Zhihao Xu , Defu Lian , Zijia Lin , Di Zhang , Xiting Wang

Concept-based explainable approaches have emerged as a promising method in explainable AI because they can interpret models in a way that aligns with human reasoning. However, their adaption in the text domain remains limited. Most existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yifan Sun , Danding Wang , Qiang Sheng , Juan Cao , Jintao Li

When developing AI systems that interact with humans, it is essential to design both a system that can understand humans, and a system that humans can understand. Most deep network based agent-modeling approaches are 1) not interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Ini Oguntola , Dana Hughes , Katia Sycara

The success of neural networks builds to a large extent on their ability to create internal knowledge representations from real-world high-dimensional data, such as images, sound, or text. Approaches to extract and present these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Lars Holmberg , Paul Davidsson , Per Linde

Concept-based Models aim to improve interpretability by predicting high-level intermediate concepts, representing a promising approach for deployment in high-risk scenarios. However, they are known to suffer from information leakage,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Enrico Parisini , Tapabrata Chakraborti , Chris Harbron , Ben D. MacArthur , Christopher R. S. Banerji

While concept-based interpretability methods have traditionally focused on local explanations of neural network predictions, we propose a novel framework and interactive tool that extends these methods into the domain of mechanistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Sofiia Chorna , Kateryna Tarelkina , Eloïse Berthier , Gianni Franchi

Rising usage of deep neural networks to perform decision making in critical applications like medical diagnosis and financial analysis have raised concerns regarding their reliability and trustworthiness. As automated systems become more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Sanchit Sinha , Mengdi Huai , Jianhui Sun , Aidong Zhang

Deep learning has advanced NLP, but interpretability remains limited, especially in healthcare and finance. Concept bottleneck models tie predictions to human concepts in vision, but NLP versions either use binary activations that harm text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yibo Yang

In many scenarios, human decisions are explained based on some high-level concepts. In this work, we take a step in the interpretability of neural networks by examining their internal representation or neuron's activations against concepts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Mohammad Nokhbeh Zaeem , Majid Komeili