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Adaptive gradient optimization methods, such as Adam, are prevalent in training deep neural networks across diverse machine learning tasks due to their ability to achieve faster convergence. However, these methods often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Abulikemu Abuduweili , Changliu Liu

Averaging techniques such as Ruppert--Polyak averaging and exponential movering averaging (EMA) are powerful approaches to accelerate optimization procedures of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization methods such as the popular ADAM…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Arnulf Jentzen , Julian Kranz , Adrian Riekert

In this paper, we prove that an Adam-type algorithm with smooth clipping approaches the global minimizer of the regularized non-convex loss function. Adding smooth clipping and taking the state space as the set of all trajectories, we can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Keisuke Suzuki

Adaptive momentum methods have recently attracted a lot of attention for training of deep neural networks. They use an exponential moving average of past gradients of the objective function to update both search directions and learning…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-27 Babak Barazandeh , Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , George Michailidis

Adaptive gradient methods (AGMs) have become popular in optimizing the nonconvex problems in deep learning area. We revisit AGMs and identify that the adaptive learning rate (A-LR) used by AGMs varies significantly across the dimensions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Qianqian Tong , Guannan Liang , Jinbo Bi

Two adaptive relaxation strategies are proposed for Anderson acceleration. They are specifically designed for applications in which mappings converge to a fixed point. Their superiority over alternative Anderson acceleration is demonstrated…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-02 Nicolas Lepage-Saucier

Adam is one of the most popular optimization algorithms in deep learning. However, it is known that Adam does not converge in theory unless choosing a hyperparameter, i.e., $\beta_2$, in a problem-dependent manner. There have been many…

Non-convex optimization is a critical tool in advancing machine learning, especially for complex models like deep neural networks and support vector machines. Despite challenges such as multiple local minima and saddle points, non-convex…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Greg B Fotopoulos , Paul Popovich , Nicholas Hall Papadopoulos

Objective functions in large-scale machine-learning and artificial intelligence applications often live in high dimensions with strong non-convexity and massive local minima. First-order methods, such as the stochastic gradient method and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-10 Jingrun Chen , Shi Jin , Liyao Lyu

The rapid scaling of large language models (LLMs) has made low-precision training essential for reducing memory, improving efficiency, and enabling larger models and datasets. Existing convergence theories for adaptive optimizers, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xuan Tang , Jichu Li , Difan Zou

A crucial component of machine learning algorithms is minimizing loss functions with less computational cost and less oscillations. While adaptive learning rate-based optimizers have been widely used for real-world tasks, they do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Sakshi Kumari , Shyam Kumar M , Sushmitha P

Adaptive gradient methods have become popular in optimizing deep neural networks; recent examples include AdaGrad and Adam. Although Adam usually converges faster, variations of Adam, for instance, the AdaBelief algorithm, have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Kushal Chakrabarti , Nikhil Chopra

Alternating gradient-descent-ascent (AltGDA) is an optimization algorithm that has been widely used for model training in various machine learning applications, which aims to solve a nonconvex minimax optimization problem. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-23 Ziyi Chen , Shaocong Ma , Yi Zhou

In several recently proposed stochastic optimization methods (e.g. RMSProp, Adam, Adadelta), parameter updates are scaled by the inverse square roots of exponential moving averages of squared past gradients. Maintaining these per-parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Noam Shazeer , Mitchell Stern

First-order stochastic optimization methods are currently the most widely used class of methods for training deep neural networks. However, the choice of the optimizer has become an ad-hoc rule that can significantly affect the performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Samy Jelassi , Aaron Defazio

This paper proposes a conjugate-gradient-based Adam algorithm blending Adam with nonlinear conjugate gradient methods and shows its convergence analysis. Numerical experiments on text classification and image classification show that the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-04 Yu Kobayashi , Hideaki Iiduka

The adaptive moment estimation (Adam) optimizer proposed by Kingma & Ba (2014) is presumably the most popular stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization method for the training of deep neural networks (DNNs) in artificial intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Steffen Dereich , Thang Do , Arnulf Jentzen

The majorization-minimization (MM) principle is an extremely general framework for deriving optimization algorithms. It includes the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm, proximal gradient algorithm, concave-convex procedure, quadratic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-08 Kenneth Lange , Joong-Ho Won , Alfonso Landeros , Hua Zhou

Beside the standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method, the Adam optimizer due to Kingma & Ba (2014) is currently probably the best-known optimization method for the training of deep neural networks in artificial intelligence (AI)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Steffen Dereich , Thang Do , Arnulf Jentzen , Philippe von Wurstemberger

Non-convex constrained optimizations are ubiquitous in robotic applications such as multi-agent navigation, UAV trajectory optimization, and soft robot simulation. For this problem class, conventional optimizers suffer from small step sizes…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-08 Zherong Pan , Kui Wu