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Labeling data can be an expensive task as it is usually performed manually by domain experts. This is cumbersome for deep learning, as it is dependent on large labeled datasets. Active learning (AL) is a paradigm that aims to reduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Pieter Floris Jacobs , Gideon Maillette de Buy Wenniger , Marco Wiering , Lambert Schomaker

Active learning (AL) reduces human annotation costs for machine learning systems by strategically selecting the most informative unlabeled data for annotation, but performing it individually may still be insufficient due to restricted data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Jun Zhang , Jue Wang , Huan Li , Zhongle Xie , Ke Chen , Lidan Shou

Real-world domain experts (e.g., doctors) rarely annotate only a decision label in their day-to-day workflow without providing explanations. Yet, existing low-resource learning techniques, such as Active Learning (AL), that aim to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Bingsheng Yao , Ishan Jindal , Lucian Popa , Yannis Katsis , Sayan Ghosh , Lihong He , Yuxuan Lu , Shashank Srivastava , Yunyao Li , James Hendler , Dakuo Wang

In many real-world machine learning applications, unlabeled samples are easy to obtain, but it is expensive and/or time-consuming to label them. Active learning is a common approach for reducing this data labeling effort. It optimally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Ziang Liu , Dongrui Wu

Active learning (AL) is a label-efficient machine learning paradigm that focuses on selectively annotating high-value instances to maximize learning efficiency. Its effectiveness can be further enhanced by incorporating weak supervision,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Shinnosuke Matsuo , Riku Togashi , Ryoma Bise , Seiichi Uchida , Masahiro Nomura

Optimal design for model training is a critical topic in machine learning. Active Learning aims at obtaining improved models by querying samples with maximum uncertainty according to the estimation model for artificially labeling; this has…

Engagement recognition in video datasets, unlike traditional image classification tasks, is particularly challenged by subjective labels and noise limiting model performance. To overcome the challenges of subjective and noisy engagement…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Alexander Vedernikov , Puneet Kumar , Haoyu Chen , Tapio Seppänen , Xiaobai Li

This paper introduces a cost-efficient active learning (AL) framework for classification, featuring a novel query design called candidate set query. Unlike traditional AL queries requiring the oracle to examine all possible classes, our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yeho Gwon , Sehyun Hwang , Hoyoung Kim , Jungseul Ok , Suha Kwak

We introduce a new framework for sample-efficient model evaluation that we call active testing. While approaches like active learning reduce the number of labels needed for model training, existing literature largely ignores the cost of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-15 Jannik Kossen , Sebastian Farquhar , Yarin Gal , Tom Rainforth

Generating labeled training datasets has become a major bottleneck in Machine Learning (ML) pipelines. Active ML aims to address this issue by designing learning algorithms that automatically and adaptively select the most informative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Mina Karzand , Robert D. Nowak

Efficient label acquisition processes are key to obtaining robust classifiers. However, data labeling is often challenging and subject to high levels of label noise. This can arise even when classification targets are well defined, if…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-08-22 Olivier Deiss , Siddharth Biswal , Jing Jin , Haoqi Sun , M. Brandon Westover , Jimeng Sun

Active learning (AL) is an effective approach to select the most informative samples to label so as to reduce the annotation cost. Existing AL methods typically work under the closed-set assumption, i.e., all classes existing in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Linhao Qu , Yingfan Ma , Zhiwei Yang , Manning Wang , Zhijian Song

Modern computing and communication technologies can make data collection procedures very efficient. However, our ability to analyze large data sets and/or to extract information out from them is hard-pressed to keep up with our capacities…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-30 Zhanfeng Wang , Yumi Kwon , Yuan-chin Ivan Chang

Quantifying the impacts of air pollution on health and climate relies on key atmospheric particle properties such as toxicity and hygroscopicity. However, these properties typically require complex observational techniques or expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Fei Jiang , Jiyang Xia , Junjie Yu , Mingfei Sun , Hugh Coe , David Topping , Dantong Liu , Zhenhui Jessie Li , Zhonghua Zheng

Ensuring robust safety measures across a wide range of scenarios is crucial for user-facing systems. While Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate valuable data for safety measures, they often exhibit distributional biases, focusing on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Sabit Hassan , Anthony Sicilia , Malihe Alikhani

Training a quantum machine learning model generally requires a large labeled dataset, which incurs high labeling and computational costs. To reduce such costs, a selective training strategy, called active learning (AL), chooses only a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-04 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Yun-Fei Niu , Shuo Zhang , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

Collecting high-quality labeled data for model training is notoriously time-consuming and labor-intensive for various NLP tasks. While copious solutions, such as active learning for small language models (SLMs) and prevalent in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Ruixuan Xiao , Yiwen Dong , Junbo Zhao , Runze Wu , Minmin Lin , Gang Chen , Haobo Wang

Active learning approaches in computer vision generally involve querying strong labels for data. However, previous works have shown that weak supervision can be effective in training models for vision tasks while greatly reducing annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Sai Vikas Desai , Akshay L Chandra , Wei Guo , Seishi Ninomiya , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

A critical bottleneck in supervised machine learning is the need for large amounts of labeled data which is expensive and time consuming to obtain. However, it has been shown that a small amount of labeled data, while insufficient to…

Active learning aims to reduce labeling efforts by selectively asking humans to annotate the most important data points from an unlabeled pool and is an example of human-machine interaction. Though active learning has been extensively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-31 Hongjing Zhang , S. S. Ravi , Ian Davidson