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Motivated by the study of random temporal networks, we introduce a class of random trees that we coin \emph{uniform temporal trees}. A uniform temporal tree is obtained by assigning independent uniform $[0,1]$ labels to the edges of a…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-23 Caelan Atamanchuk , Luc Devroye , Gabor Lugosi

In the critical beta-splitting model of a random $n$-leaf rooted tree, clades are recursively split into sub-clades, and a clade of $m$ leaves is split into sub-clades containing $i$ and $m-i$ leaves with probabilities $\propto 1/(i(m-i))$.…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-18 David Aldous , Svante Janson

Local convergence of bounded degree graphs was introduced by Benjamini and Schramm. This result was extended further by Lyons to bounded average degree graphs. In this paper, we study the convergence of a random tree sequence where the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-02-04 Attila Deák

We consider root-finding algorithms for random rooted trees grown by uniform attachment. Given an unlabeled copy of the tree and a target accuracy $\varepsilon > 0$, such an algorithm outputs a set of nodes that contains the root with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Louigi Addario-Berry , Catherine Fontaine , Robin Khanfir , Louis-Roy Langevin , Simone Têtu

We show, under natural conditions, that uniform rooted trees with fixed degree sequence converge after renormalization toward inhomogeneous continuum random trees (ICRT). We also provide a sharp upper-bound for the tail of their heights. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Arthur Blanc-Renaudie

We consider the cost of general orthogonal range queries in random quadtrees. The cost of a given query is encoded into a (random) function of four variables which characterize the coordinates of two opposite corners of the query rectangle.…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-08-24 Nicolas Broutin , Henning Sulzbach

We study a natural analogue of Ulam's problem for random rooted trees distributed according to a Plancherel-type measure. This probability measure is closely related to the classical Plancherel measure on integer partitions. For a…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Shengjun Zhang

We prove polynomial upper and lower bounds on the expected size of the maximum agreement subtree of two random binary phylogenetic trees under both the uniform distribution and Yule-Harding distribution. This positively answers a question…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-09-01 Daniel Irving Bernstein , Lam Si Tung Ho , Colby Long , Mike Steel , Katherine St. John , Seth Sullivant

In analogy to other concepts of a similar nature, we define the inducibility of a rooted binary tree. Given a fixed rooted binary tree $B$ with $k$ leaves, we let $\gamma(B,T)$ be the proportion of all subsets of $k$ leaves in $T$ that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-01-27 Éva Czabarka , László A. Székely , Stephan Wagner

Mandelbrot and Frame studied the geometry of self-contracting symmetric binary trees in which they stated that the height of such trees occurred at the branch tip of the path consisting of branches that alternate left and right. Taylor…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Larry Riddle

Empirical observations suggest that in pure even-aged forests, the mean diameter of forest trees (D, diameter at breast height, 1.3 m above ground) tends to remain a constant proportion of stand height (H, average height of the largest…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2009-08-23 Jerome K Vanclay

We study a general procedure that builds random $\mathbb R$-trees by gluing recursively a new branch on a uniform point of the pre-existing tree. The aim of this paper is to see how the asymptotic behavior of the sequence of lengths of…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-19 Nicolas Curien , Bénédicte Haas

It is proved that the average number of segments on the right branch of a binary tree of size n tends to 3 as n tends to $\infty$. Also the fraction of trees with k segments on the right branch from all trees of size n tends to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-14 Naomi Lindenstrauss

The hierarchical and recursive expressive capability of rooted trees is applicable to represent statistical models in various areas, such as data compression, image processing, and machine learning. On the other hand, such hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Yuta Nakahara , Shota Saito , Akira Kamatsuka , Toshiyasu Matsushima

We investigate characteristics of random split trees introduced by Devroye; split trees include for example binary search trees, $m$-ary search trees, quadtrees, median of $(2k+1)$-trees, simplex trees, tries and digital search trees. More…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-05-26 Cecilia Holmgren

We show that for every $k$, the probability that a randomly selected vertex of a random binary search tree on $n$ nodes is at distance $k-1$ from the closest leaf converges to a rational constant $c_k$ as $n$ goes to infinity.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-24 Miklos Bona

We prove non-asymptotic stretched exponential tail bounds on the height of a randomly sampled node in a random combinatorial tree, which we use to prove bounds on the heights and widths of random trees from a variety of models. Our results…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-04-26 Louigi Addario-Berry , Anna Brandenberger , Jad Hamdan , Céline Kerriou

A central limit theorem for binary tree is numerically examined. Two types of central limit theorem for higher-order branches are formulated. A topological structure of a binary tree is expressed by a binary sequence, and the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2013-04-10 Ken Yamamoto , Yoshihiro Yamazaki

Alphabetic codes and binary search trees are combinatorial structures that abstract search procedures in ordered sets endowed with probability distributions. In this paper, we design new linear-time algorithms to construct alphabetic codes,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Roberto Bruno , Roberto De Prisco , Alfredo De Santis , Ugo Vaccaro

We introduce the zip tree, a form of randomized binary search tree that integrates previous ideas into one practical, performant, and pleasant-to-implement package. A zip tree is a binary search tree in which each node has a numeric rank…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Robert E. Tarjan , Caleb C. Levy , Stephen Timmel