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We study the evolution and impact of bloated dependencies in a single software ecosystem: Java/Maven. Bloated dependencies are third-party libraries that are packaged in the application binary but are not needed to run the application. We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-01 César Soto-Valero , Thomas Durieux , Benoit Baudry

Build automation tools and package managers have a profound influence on software development. They facilitate the reuse of third-party libraries, support a clear separation between the application's code and its external dependencies, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-08 César Soto-Valero , Nicolas Harrand , Martin Monperrus , Benoit Baudry

Software reuse may result in software bloat when significant portions of application dependencies are effectively unused. Several tools exist to remove unused (byte)code from an application or its dependencies, thus producing smaller…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Serena Elisa Ponta , Wolfram Fischer , Henrik Plate , Antonino Sabetta

Software bloat is code that is packaged in an application but is actually not necessary to run the application. The presence of software bloat is an issue for security, for performance, and for maintenance. In this paper, we introduce a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-20 César Soto-Valero , Thomas Durieux , Nicolas Harrand , Benoit Baudry

Web developers routinely rely on third-party Java-Script libraries such as jQuery to enhance the functionality of their sites. However, if not properly maintained, such dependencies can create attack vectors allowing a site to be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-02-17 Tobias Lauinger , Abdelberi Chaabane , Sajjad Arshad , William Robertson , Christo Wilson , Engin Kirda

Dependency management in modern software development poses many challenges for developers who wish to stay up to date with the latest features and fixes whilst ensuring backwards compatibility. Project maintainers have opted for varied, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Abbas Javan Jafari , Diego Elias Costa , Rabe Abdalkareem , Emad Shihab , Nikolaos Tsantalis

Reusable software components, typically distributed as packages, are a central paradigm of modern software development. The JavaScript ecosystem serves as a prime example, offering millions of packages with their use being promoted as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Ben Swierzy , Marc Ohm , Michael Meier

While JavaScript established itself as a cornerstone of the modern web, it also constitutes a major tracking and security vector, thus raising critical privacy and security concerns. In this context, some browser extensions propose to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Romain Fouquet , Pierre Laperdrix , Romain Rouvoy

Software vulnerabilities have a large negative impact on the software systems that we depend on daily. Reports on software vulnerabilities always paint a grim picture, with some reports showing that 83% of organizations depend on vulnerable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Mahmoud Alfadel , Diego Elias Costa , Mouafak Mokhallalati , Emad Shihab , Bram Adams

Flaky tests pose a significant issue for software testing. A test with a non-deterministic outcome may undermine the reliability of the testing process, making tests untrustworthy. Previous research has identified test order dependency as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Negar Hashemi , Amjed Tahir , Shawn Rasheed , August Shi , Rachel Blagojevic

Developers are increasingly using services such as Dependabot to automate dependency updates. However, recent research has shown that developers perceive such services as unreliable, as they heavily rely on test coverage to detect conflicts…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Joseph Hejderup , Georgios Gousios

Understanding vulnerability propagation is essential for assessing how vulnerabilities spread across components of a software package. This supports more accurate impact analysis and enhances threat detection and mitigation. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Michael Robinson , Sajal Halder , Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Muhammad Ikram , Seyit Camtepe , Hyoungshick Kim

BACKGROUND: Vulnerable dependencies are a known problem in today's open-source software ecosystems because OSS libraries are highly interconnected and developers do not always update their dependencies. AIMS: In this paper we aim to present…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Ivan Pashchenko , Henrik Plate , Serena Elisa Ponta , Antonino Sabetta , Fabio Massacci

Many websites import large JavaScript (JS) libraries to customize and enhance user experiences. Our data shows that many JS libraries are only partially utilized during a page load, and therefore, contain superfluous code that is never…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Utkarsh Goel , Moritz Steiner

Open-source libraries are widely used by software developers to speed up the development of products, however, they can introduce security vulnerabilities, leading to incidents like Log4Shell. With the expanding usage of open-source…

Dependencies between modules can trigger ripple effects when changes are made, making maintenance complex and costly, so minimizing these dependencies is crucial. Consequently, understanding what drives dependencies is important. One…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Zushuai Zhang , Elliott Wen , Ewan Tempero

Test flakiness is a significant issue in industry, affecting test efficiency and product quality. While extensive research has examined the impact of flaky tests, many root causes remain unexplored, particularly in the context of dynamic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Negar Hashemi , Amjed Tahir , August Shi , Shawn Rasheed , Rachel Blagojevic

Flaky tests (tests with non-deterministic outcomes) can be problematic for testing efficiency and software reliability. Flaky tests in test suites can also significantly delay software releases. There have been several studies that attempt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Negar Hashemi , Amjed Tahir , Shawn Rasheed

Although web applications evolved to mature solutions providing sophisticated user experience, they also became complex for the same reason. Complexity primarily affects the server-side generation of dynamic pages as they are aggregated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2010-09-21 Benjamin Kersten , Michael Goedicke

Latency and cost of Internet-based services are encouraging the use of application-level caching to continue satisfying users' demands, and improve the scalability and availability of origin servers. Despite its popularity, this level of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Jhonny Mertz , Ingrid Nunes
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