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As one of the classic models that describe the belief dynamics over social networks, a non-Bayesian social learning model assumes that members in the network possess accurate signal knowledge through the process of Bayesian inference. In…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Sannyuya Liu , Zhonghua Yan , Xiufeng Cheng , Liang Zhao

Confirmation bias is a cognitive bias that adversely affects management decisions, and mathematical modelling is an aid to its detailed understanding. Bias in opinion update about the value of a parameter is modelled here assuming that…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-02-08 Rose D Baker

Interest in how democracies form consensus has increased recently, with statistical physics and economics approaches both suggesting that there is convergence to a fixed point in belief networks, but with fluctuations in opinions when there…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-05-30 Emily Dong , Sarah Marzen

We present an introduction to a novel model of an individual and group opinion dynamics, taking into account different ways in which different sources of information are filtered due to cognitive biases. The agent based model, using…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-03-07 Pawel Sobkowicz

A principal delegates choice to an agent whose decision depends on both beliefs and tastes. The principal can steer the delegated decision using two costly instruments: (i) an information policy that determines a Bayes--plausible…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-12 Kemal Ozbek

We show that in delegation problems, a principal benefits from belief misalignment vis-\`a-vis an agent when the latter can flexibly acquire costly information. The agent optimally succumbs to confirmatory learning, leading him to favor the…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-07-30 Pavel Ilinov , Andrei Matveenko , Maxim Senkov , Egor Starkov

Selection bias arises when the probability that an observation enters a dataset depends on variables related to the quantities of interest, leading to systematic distortions in estimation and uncertainty quantification. For example, in…

There is a long history in game theory on the topic of Bayesian or "rational" learning, in which each player maintains beliefs over a set of alternative behaviours, or types, for the other players. This idea has gained increasing interest…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-03-03 Stefano V. Albrecht , Jacob W. Crandall , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

A Bayesian view of data interpretation suggests that a visualization user should update their existing beliefs about a parameter's value in accordance with the amount of information about the parameter value captured by the new…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-11 Yea-Seul Kim , Paula Kayongo , Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Jessica Hullman

It has been observed people tend to have opinions that are far more internally consistent than it would be reasonable to expect. Here, we study how that observation might emerge from changing how agents trust the opinions of their peers in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-07-15 Marcelo V. Maciel , André C. R. Martins

In this paper, we study axiomatic foundations of Bayesian persuasion, where a principal (i.e., sender) delegates the task of choice making after informing a biased agent (i.e., receiver) about the payoff relevant uncertain state (see, e.g.,…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-12-30 Youichiro Higashi , Kemal Ozbek , Norio Takeoka

Bayesian persuasion studies how an informed sender should partially disclose information so as to influence the behavior of self-interested receivers. In the last years, a growing attention has been devoted to relaxing the assumption that…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti

Modeling social interactions based on individual behavior has always been an area of interest, but prior literature generally presumes rational behavior. Thus, such models may miss out on capturing the effects of biases humans are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Nanda Kishore Sreenivas , Shrisha Rao

While many multiagent algorithms are designed for homogeneous systems (i.e. all agents are identical), there are important applications which require an agent to coordinate its actions without knowing a priori how the other agents behave.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Stefano V. Albrecht , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

User preference learning is generally a hard problem. Individual preferences are typically unknown even to users themselves, while the space of choices is infinite. Here we study user preference learning from information-theoretic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Tanya Ignatenko , Kirill Kondrashov , Marco Cox , Bert de Vries

An analyst observes the frequency with which an agent takes actions, but not the frequency with which she takes actions conditional on a payoff relevant state. In this setting, we ask when the analyst can rationalize the agent's choices as…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-07-27 Laura Doval , Ran Eilat

Perception, in theoretical neuroscience, has been modeled as the encoding of external stimuli into internal signals, which are then decoded. The Bayesian mean is an important decoder, as it is optimal for purposes of both estimation and…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-03-03 Arthur Prat-Carrabin , Michael Woodford

We study a Bayesian persuasion problem with externalities. In this model, a principal sends signals to inform multiple agents about the state of the world. Simultaneously, due to the existence of externalities in the agents' utilities, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jonathan Shaki , Jiarui Gan , Sarit Kraus

Confidence estimates are often "detection-like" - driven by positive evidence in favour of a decision. This empirical observation has been interpreted as showing that human metacognition is limited by biases or heuristics. Here, we show…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-11 Wiktoria Kozyra , Kevin O'Neill , Stephen M. Fleming

We state the problem of inverse reinforcement learning in terms of preference elicitation, resulting in a principled (Bayesian) statistical formulation. This generalises previous work on Bayesian inverse reinforcement learning and allows us…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-06-30 Constantin Rothkopf , Christos Dimitrakakis