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For many computer vision applications such as image captioning, visual question answering, and person search, learning discriminative feature representations at both image and text level is an essential yet challenging problem. Its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Nikolaos Sarafianos , Xiang Xu , Ioannis A. Kakadiaris

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) has been widely used in vision tasks. Notably, CLIP has demonstrated promising performance in few-shot learning (FSL). However, existing CLIP-based methods in training-free FSL (i.e., without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yayuan Li , Jintao Guo , Lei Qi , Wenbin Li , Yinghuan Shi

Large-scale pre-trained Vision-Language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, exhibit strong zero-shot generalization, yet remain highly vulnerable to imperceptible adversarial perturbations, raising serious safety concerns for open-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xin Wang , Yixu Wang , Jiaming Zhang , Ruofan Wang , Jiaqi Yu , Kai Chen , Jingjing Chen , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Due to the impressive zero-shot capabilities, pre-trained vision-language models (e.g. CLIP), have attracted widespread attention and adoption across various domains. Nonetheless, CLIP has been observed to be susceptible to adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Lu Yu , Haiyang Zhang , Changsheng Xu

Large pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) such as CLIP have demonstrated excellent zero-shot generalizability across various downstream tasks. However, recent studies have shown that the inference performance of CLIP can be greatly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Xin Wang , Kai Chen , Jiaming Zhang , Jingjing Chen , Xingjun Ma

Pre-trained vision-language models such as contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) have demonstrated a remarkable generalizability, which has enabled a wide range of applications represented by zero-shot classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kazuki Adachi , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Tomoki Hamagami

Pretrained large-scale vision-language models like CLIP have exhibited strong generalization over unseen tasks. Yet imperceptible adversarial perturbations can significantly reduce CLIP's performance on new tasks. In this work, we identify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Chengzhi Mao , Scott Geng , Junfeng Yang , Xin Wang , Carl Vondrick

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), such as CLIP, have achieved impressive zero-shot recognition performance but remain highly susceptible to adversarial perturbations, posing significant risks in safety-critical scenarios. Previous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhiwei Li , Yitian Pang , Weining Wang , Zhenan Sun , Qi Li

Image captioning aims at generating descriptive and meaningful textual descriptions of images, enabling a broad range of vision-language applications. Prior works have demonstrated that harnessing the power of Contrastive Image Language…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Longtian Qiu , Shan Ning , Xuming He

Due to the impressive zero-shot capabilities, pre-trained vision-language models (e.g., CLIP), have attracted widespread attention and adoption across various domains. Nonetheless, CLIP has been observed to be susceptible to adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Lu Yu , Haiyang Zhang , Changsheng Xu

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) enables zero-shot inference in downstream tasks such as image-text retrieval and classification. However, recent works extending CLIP suffer from the issue of modality gap, which arises when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Na Min An , Eunki Kim , James Thorne , Hyunjung Shim

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP demonstrate strong generalization in zero-shot classification but remain highly vulnerable to adversarial perturbations. Existing methods primarily focus on adversarial fine-tuning or prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xingyu Zhu , Beier Zhu , Shuo Wang , Kesen Zhao , Hanwang Zhang

Large-scale contrastive vision-language pre-trained models provide the zero-shot model achieving competitive performance across a range of image classification tasks without requiring training on downstream data. Recent works have confirmed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Giung Nam , Byeongho Heo , Juho Lee

Defending pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), such as CLIP, against adversarial attacks is crucial, as these models are widely used in diverse zero-shot tasks, including image classification. However, existing adversarial training…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Futa Waseda , Saku Sugawara , Isao Echizen

Despite the recent success of image-text contrastive models like CLIP and SigLIP, these models often struggle with vision-centric tasks that demand high-fidelity image understanding, such as counting, depth estimation, and fine-grained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Zineng Tang , Long Lian , Seun Eisape , XuDong Wang , Roei Herzig , Adam Yala , Alane Suhr , Trevor Darrell , David M. Chan

Utilizing a shared embedding space, emerging multimodal models exhibit unprecedented zero-shot capabilities. However, the shared embedding space could lead to new vulnerabilities if different modalities can be misaligned. In this paper, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Shaeke Salman , Md Montasir Bin Shams , Xiuwen Liu

Although text-to-image diffusion models exhibit remarkable generative power, concept erasure techniques are essential for their safe deployment to prevent the creation of harmful content. This has fostered a dynamic interplay between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Qianlong Xiang , Miao Zhang , Haoyu Zhang , Kun Wang , Junhui Hou , Liqiang Nie

Camera recapture introduces complex optical degradations, such as perspective warping, illumination shifts, and Moir\'e interference, that remain challenging for deep watermarking systems. We present TIACam, a text-anchored invariant…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Abdullah All Tanvir , Agnibh Dasgupta , Xin Zhong

This report synthesizes eight seminal papers on the zero-shot adversarial robustness of vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP. A central challenge in this domain is the inherent trade-off between enhancing adversarial robustness and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zane Xu , Jason Sun

While image-text representation learning has become very popular in recent years, existing models tend to lack spatial awareness and have limited direct applicability for dense understanding tasks. For this reason, self-supervised…

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