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Randomization, as a key technique in clinical trials, can eliminate sources of bias and produce comparable treatment groups. In randomized experiments, the treatment effect is a parameter of general interest. Researchers have explored the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-05 Fuyi Tu , Wei Ma , Hanzhong Liu

Estimating causal effects is vital for decision making. In standard causal effect estimation, treatments are usually binary- or continuous-valued. However, in many important real-world settings, treatments can be structured,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-02 Oriol Corcoll Andreu , Athanasios Vlontzos , Michael O'Riordan , Ciaran M. Gilligan-Lee

Recent work has focused on the potential and pitfalls of causal identification in observational studies with multiple simultaneous treatments. Building on previous work, we show that even if the conditional distribution of unmeasured…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-28 Jiajing Zheng , Alexander D'Amour , Alexander Franks

Recovering causal structure in the presence of latent variables is an important but challenging task. While many methods have been proposed to handle it, most of them require strict and/or untestable assumptions on the causal structure. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Wei Chen , Linjun Peng , Zhiyi Huang , Haoyue Dai , Zhifeng Hao , Ruichu Cai , Kun Zhang

We propose some extensions to semi-parametric models based on Bayesian additive regression trees (BART). In the semi-parametric BART paradigm, the response variable is approximated by a linear predictor and a BART model, where the linear…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-10 Estevão B. Prado , Andrew C. Parnell , Keefe Murphy , Nathan McJames , Ann O'Shea , Rafael A. Moral

In high-dimensional Bayesian statistics, various methods have been developed, including prior distributions that induce parameter sparsity to handle many parameters. Yet, these approaches often overlook the rich spectral structure of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Tomoya Wakayama , Masaaki Imaizumi

We introduce the BREASE framework for the Bayesian analysis of randomized controlled trials with a binary treatment and a binary outcome. Approaching the problem from a causal inference perspective, we propose parameterizing the likelihood…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-26 Nicholas J. Irons , Carlos Cinelli

Although propensity scores have been central to the estimation of causal effects for over 30 years, only recently has the statistical literature begun to consider in detail methods for Bayesian estimation of propensity scores and causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-04-09 Corwin M. Zigler

Recently, conditional average treatment effect (CATE) estimation has been attracting much attention due to its importance in various fields such as statistics, social and biomedical sciences. This study proposes a partially linear…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-31 Shunsuke Horii

Motivation: Although principal component analysis is frequently applied to reduce the dimensionality of matrix data, the method is sensitive to noise and bias and has difficulty with comparability and interpretation. These issues are…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-12-27 Tomokazu Konishi

Quantifying causal effects of exposures on outcomes, such as a treatment and a disease respectively, is a crucial issue in medical science for the administration of effective therapies. Importantly, any related causal analysis should…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-04 Federico Castelletti , Laura Ferrini

Additive noise models (ANMs) are an important setting studied in causal inference. Most of the existing works on ANMs assume causal sufficiency, i.e., there are no unobserved confounders. This paper focuses on confounded ANMs, where a set…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-16 Muhammad Qasim Elahi , Mahsa Ghasemi , Murat Kocaoglu

Conditioning on variables affected by treatment can induce post-treatment bias when estimating causal effects. Although this suggests that researchers should measure potential moderators before administering the treatment in an experiment,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-24 Matthew Blackwell , Jacob R. Brown , Sophie Hill , Kosuke Imai , Teppei Yamamoto

Parameter estimation and inference from complex survey samples typically focuses on global model parameters whose estimators have asymptotic properties, such as from fixed effects regression models. The central challenge is to both mitigate…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-13 Matthew R. Williams , F. Hunter McGuire , Terrance D. Savitsky

We consider assessing causal mediation in the presence of a post-treatment event (examples include noncompliance, a clinical event, or death). We identify natural mediation effects for the entire study population and for each principal…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-13 Chao Cheng , Fan Li

Standard practice in electronic health record (EHR)-based studies evaluating the comparative effectiveness of bariatric surgery relative to no surgery is to estimate and report a constant treatment effect across calendar time. However,…

A Bayesian non-parametric framework for studying time-to-event data is proposed, where the prior distribution is allowed to depend on an additional random source, and may update with the sample size. Such scenarios are natural, for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-06 Martin Bladt , Jorge González Cázares

Background: There is increasing interest in approaches for analyzing the effect of exposure mixtures on health. A key issue is how to simultaneously analyze often highly collinear components of the mixture, which can create problems such as…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-06 Thomas F. Webster , Marc G. Weisskopf

Bayesian nonparametric methods are a popular choice for analysing survival data due to their ability to flexibly model the distribution of survival times. These methods typically employ a nonparametric prior on the survival function that is…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-22 Edwin Fong , Brieuc Lehmann

We address modelling and computational issues for multiple treatment effect inference under many potential confounders. Our main contribution is providing a trade-off between preventing the omission of relevant confounders, while not…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-04 Omiros Papaspiliopoulos , David Rossell , Miquel Torrens-i-Dinarès