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The EM-algorithm is a general procedure to get maximum likelihood estimates if part of the observations on the variables of a network are missing. In this paper a stochastic version of the algorithm is adapted to probabilistic neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Gerhard Paass

Maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) are asymptotically normally distributed, and this property is used in meta-analyses to test the heterogeneity of estimates, either for a single cluster or for several sub-groups. More recently, MLEs for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-28 Anthony J. Webster

We here provide a distribution-free approach to the random factor analysis model. We show that it leads to the same estimating equations as for the classical ML estimates under normality, but more easily derived, and valid also in the case…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2013-12-31 Rolf Sundberg , Uwe Feldmann

Imagine being shown $N$ samples of random variables drawn independently from the same distribution. What can you say about the distribution? In general, of course, the answer is nothing, unless we have some prior notions about what to…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 William Bialek , Curtis G. Callan , S. P. Strong

The natural habitat of most Bayesian methods is data represented by exchangeable sequences of observations, for which de Finetti's theorem provides the theoretical foundation. Dirichlet process clustering, Gaussian process regression, and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-02-16 Peter Orbanz , Daniel M. Roy

Partitioning a set of elements into an unknown number of mutually exclusive subsets is essential in many machine learning problems. However, assigning elements, such as samples in a dataset or neurons in a network layer, to an unknown and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Thomas M. Sutter , Alain Ryser , Joram Liebeskind , Julia E. Vogt

In quantum theory, the no-information-without-disturbance and no-free-information theorems express that those observables that do not disturb the measurement of another observable and those that can be measured jointly with any other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-10 Teiko Heinosaari , Leevi Leppäjärvi , Martin Plávala

This in an introduction to the theory of non-commutative distributions of non-commuting operators or random matrices. Starting from the basic problem to find a good approach to the meaning of "non-commutative distribution" we will, in…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2020-09-09 Roland Speicher

This paper examines the distribution of order statistics taken from simple-random-sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) from a finite population with values 1,...,N. This distribution is a shifted version of the beta-binomial distribution,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-09-01 Ben O'Neill

Infinite mixture models are commonly used for clustering. One can sample from the posterior of mixture assignments by Monte Carlo methods or find its maximum a posteriori solution by optimization. However, in some problems the posterior is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-11-26 Işık Barış Fidaner , Ali Taylan Cemgil

We generalise the distribution semantics underpinning probabilistic logic programming by distilling its essential concept, the separation of a free random component and a deterministic part. This abstracts the core ideas beyond logic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Felix Weitkämper

Structural independence is the (conditional) independence that arises from the structure rather than the precise numerical values of a distribution. We develop this concept and relate it to $d$-separation and structural causal models.…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Matthias Georg Mayer

We give a lightweight alternative construction of Jacobs's distributive law for multisets and distributions that does not involve any combinatorics. We first give a distributive law for lists and distributions, then apply a general theorem…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Dexter Kozen , Alexandra Silva

We study random composite structures considered up to symmetry that are sampled according to weights on the inner and outer structures. This model may be viewed as an unlabelled version of Gibbs partitions and encompasses multisets of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-01 Benedikt Stufler

Exchangeability -- in which the distribution of an infinite sequence is invariant to reorderings of its elements -- implies the existence of a simple conditional independence structure that may be leveraged in the design of statistical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-25 Trevor Campbell , Saifuddin Syed , Chiao-Yu Yang , Michael I. Jordan , Tamara Broderick

Polynomials are common algebraic structures, which are often used to approximate functions including probability distributions. This paper proposes to directly define polynomial distributions in order to describe stochastic properties of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Yue Yu , Pavel Loskot

We introduce several statistics on ordered partitions of sets, that is, set partitions where the blocks are permuted arbitrarily. The distribution of these statistics is closely related to the q-Stirling numbers of the second kind. Some of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-26 Einar Steingrimsson

Exchangeability is a central notion in statistics and probability theory. The assumption that an infinite sequence of data points is exchangeable is at the core of Bayesian statistics. However, finite exchangeability as a statistical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-04-24 Mathias Niepert , Guy Van den Broeck

We present a survey of some of our recent results on Bayesian nonparametric inference for a multitude of stochastic processes. The common feature is that the prior distribution in the cases considered is on suitable sets of piecewise…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Denis Belomestny , Frank van der Meulen , Peter Spreij

In this paper we analyze the spatial distribution of elements around points of interest. Based on a spatial exclusion principle we model the system by means of a Fermi-Dirac distribution defined by two easily interpretable parameters. By…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-02 Josu Martinez-Perdiguero