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Risk stratification of lung nodules is a task of primary importance in lung cancer diagnosis. Any improvement in robust and accurate nodule characterization can assist in identifying cancer stage, prognosis, and improving treatment…

An interpretable machine learning (ML) framework is introduced to enhance the diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) by ensuring robustness of the ML models' interpretations. The dataset used comprises…

The focus of recent research has shifted from merely improving the metrics based performance of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to DNNs which are more interpretable to humans. The field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has observed…

Explaining the decisions of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for medical images has become increasingly important. Existing attribution methods have difficulty explaining the meaning of pixels while existing concept-based methods are limited by…

The LIDC-IDRI database is the most popular benchmark for lung cancer prediction. However, with subjective assessment from radiologists, nodules in LIDC may have entirely different malignancy annotations from the pathological ground truth,…

Knowledge-augmented learning enables the combination of knowledge-based and data-driven approaches. For anomaly detection and diagnosis, understandability is typically an important factor, especially in high-risk areas. Therefore,…

To build intelligent machine learning systems, there are two broad approaches. One approach is to build inherently interpretable models, as endeavored by the growing field of causal representation learning. The other approach is to build…

Survival prediction is a crucial task associated with cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. This paper presents a novel approach to survival prediction by harnessing comprehensive information from CT and PET scans, along with associated…

Deep learning, as a promising new area of machine learning, has attracted a rapidly increasing attention in the field of medical imaging. Compared to the conventional machine learning methods, deep learning requires no hand-tuned feature…

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) are a prominent framework for interpretable AI that map learned visual features to a set of meaningful concepts for task-specific downstream predictions. Their sequential structure enhances transparency by…

Early detection of malignant lung nodules remains constrained by size and growth based screening criteria, often delaying diagnosis. We present an integrated AI system that jointly performs nodule detection and malignancy assessment…

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods allow for gigapixel Whole-Slide Image (WSI) analysis with only slide-level annotations. Interpretability is crucial for safely deploying such algorithms in high-stakes medical domains. Traditional…

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) assume that training examples (e.g., x-ray images) are annotated with high-level concepts (e.g., types of abnormalities), and perform classification by first predicting the concepts, followed by predicting…

In this study, we present a novel clinical decision support system and discuss its interpretability-related properties. It combines a decision set of rules with a machine learning scheme to offer global and local interpretability. More…

Accurate pulmonary nodule detection is a crucial step in lung cancer screening. Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems are not routinely used by radiologists for pulmonary nodule detection in clinical practice despite their potential…

Alterations in the geometry and function of the heart define well-established causes of cardiovascular disease. However, current approaches to the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases often rely on subjective human assessment as well as…

Recently, there has been a growing interest in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) due to their remarkable potential in various tasks integrating different modalities, such as image and text, as well as applications such as image…

Machine learning methods have shown large potential for the automatic early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, some machine learning methods based on imaging data have poor interpretability because it is usually unclear how…

Evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) models for low-dose CT lung cancer screening is limited by heterogeneous datasets, annotation standards, and evaluation protocols, making performance difficult to compare and translate across…

Pulmonary nodules are an early sign of lung cancer, and detecting them early is vital for improving patient survival rates. Most current methods use only single Computed Tomography (CT) images to assess nodule malignancy. However, doctors…