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The interest in linear complexity models for large language models is on the rise, although their scaling capacity remains uncertain. In this study, we present the scaling laws for linear complexity language models to establish a foundation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xuyang Shen , Dong Li , Ruitao Leng , Zhen Qin , Weigao Sun , Yiran Zhong

The high inference demands of transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) pose substantial challenges in their deployment. To this end, we introduce Neural Block Linearization (NBL), a novel framework for accelerating transformer model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Mete Erdogan , Francesco Tonin , Volkan Cevher

Linear-attention models that compress the entire input sequence into a fixed-size recurrent state offer an efficient alternative to Transformers, but their finite memory induces forgetfulness that harms retrieval-intensive tasks. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Mutian He , Philip N. Garner

Transformers have had tremendous impact for several sequence related tasks, largely due to their ability to retrieve from any part of the sequence via softmax based dot-product attention. This mechanism plays a crucial role in Transformer's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Sai Surya Duvvuri , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Looped Transformers (LT) have emerged as a powerful architecture by iterating their layers multiple times before decoding the final token. However, pairing them with full attention retains quadratic complexity, making them computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Chunyuan Deng , Yizhe Zhang , Rui-Jie Zhu , Yuanyuan Xu , Jiarui Liu , T. S. Eugene Ng , Hanjie Chen

As large language models (LLMs) and visual language models (VLMs) grow in scale and application, attention mechanisms have become a central computational bottleneck due to their high memory and time complexity. While many efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zhengyu Tian , Anantha Padmanaban Krishna Kumar , Hemant Krishnakumar , Reza Rawassizadeh

This paper introduces Exact Linear Attention (ELA), a mechanism that achieves linear computational complexity for Transformer attention by exploiting the exact decomposition property of kernel functions, thereby eliminating approximation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Weinuo Ou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various applications, but their performance on long-context tasks is often limited by the computational complexity of attention mechanisms. We introduce a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Bo Chen , Yingyu Liang , Zhizhou Sha , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song

Transformer-based video diffusion models (VDMs) deliver state-of-the-art video generation quality but are constrained by the quadratic cost of self-attention, making long sequences and high resolutions computationally expensive. While…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Mohsen Ghafoorian , Denis Korzhenkov , Amirhossein Habibian

The quadratic computational and memory complexities of the Transformer's attention mechanism have limited its scalability for modeling long sequences. In this paper, we propose Luna, a linear unified nested attention mechanism that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Xuezhe Ma , Xiang Kong , Sinong Wang , Chunting Zhou , Jonathan May , Hao Ma , Luke Zettlemoyer

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) deliver strong long-context processing capability in a non-autoregressive decoding paradigm. However, the considerable computational cost of bidirectional full attention limits the inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Lingkun Long , Yushi Huang , Shihao Bai , Ruihao Gong , Jun Zhang , Ao Zhou , Jianlei Yang

We present a novel non attention based architecture for large language models (LLMs) that efficiently handles very long context windows, on the order of hundreds of thousands to potentially millions of tokens. Unlike traditional Transformer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Andrew Kiruluta , Preethi Raju , Priscilla Burity

The quadratic complexity of standard attention mechanisms poses a significant scalability bottleneck for large language models (LLMs) in long-context scenarios. While hybrid attention strategies that combine sparse and full attention within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zecheng Tang , Quantong Qiu , Yi Yang , Zhiyi Hong , Haiya Xiang , Kebin Liu , Qingqing Dang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

The computational difficulties of large language model (LLM) inference remain a significant obstacle to their widespread deployment. The need for many applications to support long input sequences and process them in large batches typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Luka Ribar , Ivan Chelombiev , Luke Hudlass-Galley , Charlie Blake , Carlo Luschi , Douglas Orr

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown promising accuracy improvements on complex problem-solving tasks. While these models have attained high accuracy by leveraging additional computation at test time, they need to generate long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Coleman Hooper , Sebastian Zhao , Luca Manolache , Sehoon Kim , Michael W. Mahoney , Yakun Sophia Shao , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

Document-level Neural Machine Translation (DocNMT) has been proven crucial for handling discourse phenomena by introducing document-level context information. One of the most important directions is to input the whole document directly to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Zihan Liu , Zewei Sun , Shanbo Cheng , Shujian Huang , Mingxuan Wang

We introduce MiniMax-M1, the world's first open-weight, large-scale hybrid-attention reasoning model. MiniMax-M1 is powered by a hybrid Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture combined with a lightning attention mechanism. The model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 MiniMax , : , Aili Chen , Aonian Li , Bangwei Gong , Binyang Jiang , Bo Fei , Bo Yang , Boji Shan , Changqing Yu , Chao Wang , Cheng Zhu , Chengjun Xiao , Chengyu Du , Chi Zhang , Chu Qiao , Chunhao Zhang , Chunhui Du , Congchao Guo , Da Chen , Deming Ding , Dianjun Sun , Dong Li , Enwei Jiao , Haigang Zhou , Haimo Zhang , Han Ding , Haohai Sun , Haoyu Feng , Huaiguang Cai , Haichao Zhu , Jian Sun , Jiaqi Zhuang , Jiaren Cai , Jiayuan Song , Jin Zhu , Jingyang Li , Jinhao Tian , Jinli Liu , Junhao Xu , Junjie Yan , Junteng Liu , Junxian He , Kaiyi Feng , Ke Yang , Kecheng Xiao , Le Han , Leyang Wang , Lianfei Yu , Liheng Feng , Lin Li , Lin Zheng , Linge Du , Lingyu Yang , Lunbin Zeng , Minghui Yu , Mingliang Tao , Mingyuan Chi , Mozhi Zhang , Mujie Lin , Nan Hu , Nongyu Di , Peng Gao , Pengfei Li , Pengyu Zhao , Qibing Ren , Qidi Xu , Qile Li , Qin Wang , Rong Tian , Ruitao Leng , Shaoxiang Chen , Shaoyu Chen , Shengmin Shi , Shitong Weng , Shuchang Guan , Shuqi Yu , Sichen Li , Songquan Zhu , Tengfei Li , Tianchi Cai , Tianrun Liang , Weiyu Cheng , Weize Kong , Wenkai Li , Xiancai Chen , Xiangjun Song , Xiao Luo , Xiao Su , Xiaobo Li , Xiaodong Han , Xinzhu Hou , Xuan Lu , Xun Zou , Xuyang Shen , Yan Gong , Yan Ma , Yang Wang , Yiqi Shi , Yiran Zhong , Yonghong Duan , Yongxiang Fu , Yongyi Hu , Yu Gao , Yuanxiang Fan , Yufeng Yang , Yuhao Li , Yulin Hu , Yunan Huang , Yunji Li , Yunzhi Xu , Yuxin Mao , Yuxuan Shi , Yuze Wenren , Zehan Li , Zelin Li , Zhanxu Tian , Zhengmao Zhu , Zhenhua Fan , Zhenzhen Wu , Zhichao Xu , Zhihang Yu , Zhiheng Lyu , Zhuo Jiang , Zibo Gao , Zijia Wu , Zijian Song , Zijun Sun

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated satisfactory performance across various vision-language tasks. Current approaches for vision and language interaction fall into two categories:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Feipeng Ma , Yizhou Zhou , Zheyu Zhang , Shilin Yan , Hebei Li , Zilong He , Siying Wu , Fengyun Rao , Yueyi Zhang , Xiaoyan Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) incur quadratic attention complexity with input length, creating a major time bottleneck in the prefilling stage. Existing acceleration methods largely exploit attention score sparsity by estimating blocks with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Zhiyuan He , Yike Zhang , Chengruidong Zhang , Huiqiang Jiang , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Vision-Language Models (vLLMs) have emerged as powerful architectures for joint reasoning over visual and textual inputs, enabling breakthroughs in image captioning, cross modal retrieval, and multimodal dialogue. However, as these models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Andrew Kiruluta , Preethi Raju , Priscilla Burity