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Fill-in-the-Middle (FIM) models play a vital role in code completion tasks, leveraging both prefix and suffix context to provide more accurate and contextually relevant suggestions. This paper presents approaches to improve FIM code…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Hitesh Sagtani , Rishabh Mehrotra , Beyang Liu

Fill-in-the-Middle (FIM) is a common pretraining method for code LLMs, where models complete code segments given surrounding context. However, existing LLMs treat code as plain text and mask random character spans. We propose and evaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Linyuan Gong , Alvin Cheung , Mostafa Elhoushi , Sida Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced code completion, yet they often fail when the developer's intent is underspecified in the code context. To address this, developers usually add natural language instructions (e.g.,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhensu Sun , Chengran Yang , Chao Peng , Pengfei Gao , Xiaoning Du , Li Li , David Lo

We introduce Syntax-Aware Fill-In-the-Middle (SAFIM), a new benchmark for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) on the code Fill-in-the-Middle (FIM) task. This benchmark focuses on syntax-aware completions of program structures such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Linyuan Gong , Sida Wang , Mostafa Elhoushi , Alvin Cheung

Large language models (LLMs) are often used for infilling tasks, which involve predicting or generating missing information in a given text. These tasks typically require multiple interactions with similar context. To reduce the computation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Tianyu Guo , Hande Dong , Yichong Leng , Feng Liu , Cheater Lin , Nong Xiao , Xianwei Zhang

For analysing and/or understanding languages having no word boundaries based on morphological analysis such as Japanese, Chinese, and Thai, it is desirable to perform appropriate word segmentation before word embeddings. But it is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Shunsuke Kitada , Ryunosuke Kotani , Hitoshi Iyatomi

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their reasoning capabilities. However, they continue to struggle with basic character-level tasks, such as counting letters in words, a problem rooted in their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Shuyang Hou , Yi Hu , Muhan Zhang

Text infilling is defined as a task for filling in the missing part of a sentence or paragraph, which is suitable for many real-world natural language generation scenarios. However, given a well-trained sequential generative model,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-20 Dayiheng Liu , Jie Fu , Pengfei Liu , Jiancheng Lv

Fill-in-the-middle (FIM) is a pretraining objective widely used to equip causal language models with infilling ability, yet its effect on verbatim memorization remains underexplored. We study the memorization dynamics of FIM in a controlled…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Tobias von Arx , Tanguy Dieudonné

Large Language Models are powerful tools for program synthesis and advanced auto-completion, but come with no guarantee that their output code is syntactically correct. This paper contributes an incremental parser that allows early…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Daniel Melcer , Nathan Fulton , Sanjay Krishna Gouda , Haifeng Qian

We show that autoregressive language models can learn to infill text after we apply a straightforward transformation to the dataset, which simply moves a span of text from the middle of a document to its end. While this data augmentation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Mohammad Bavarian , Heewoo Jun , Nikolas Tezak , John Schulman , Christine McLeavey , Jerry Tworek , Mark Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong generalization capabilities across a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, they exhibit notable weaknesses in character-level string manipulation, struggling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Zhen Xiong , Yujun Cai , Bryan Hooi , Nanyun Peng , Zhecheng Li , Yiwei Wang

We present a simple approach for text infilling, the task of predicting missing spans of text at any position in a document. While infilling could enable rich functionality especially for writing assistance tools, more attention has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Chris Donahue , Mina Lee , Percy Liang

Commonly-used transformer language models depend on a tokenization schema which sets an unchangeable subword vocabulary prior to pre-training, destined to be applied to all downstream tasks regardless of domain shift, novel word formations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Yuval Pinter , Amanda Stent , Mark Dredze , Jacob Eisenstein

Tokenization plays a critical role in language modeling, yet existing approaches such as Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE) or WordPiece operate purely on frequency statistics, ignoring the underlying semantic structure of text. This leads to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu

Language models have become the backbone of today's AI systems. However, their predominant left-to-right generation limits the use of bidirectional context, which is essential for tasks that involve filling text in the middle. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tianxiao Shen , Hao Peng , Ruoqi Shen , Yao Fu , Zaid Harchaoui , Yejin Choi

The dominant Fill-in-the-Middle (FIM) paradigm for code completion is constrained by its rigid inability to correct contextual errors and reliance on unaligned, insecure Base models. While Chat LLMs offer safety and Agentic workflows…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jiajun Zhang , Zeyu Cui , Jiaxi Yang , Lei Zhang , Yuheng Jing , Zeyao Ma , Tianyi Bai , Zilei Wang , Qiang Liu , Liang Wang , Binyuan Hui , Junyang Lin

Generative models, widely utilized in various applications, can often struggle with prompts corresponding to partial tokens. This struggle stems from tokenization, where partial tokens fall out of distribution during inference, leading to…

Most existing machine translation systems operate at the level of words, relying on explicit segmentation to extract tokens. We introduce a neural machine translation (NMT) model that maps a source character sequence to a target character…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Jason Lee , Kyunghyun Cho , Thomas Hofmann

Small sample instance segmentation is a very challenging task, and many existing methods follow the training strategy of meta-learning which pre-train models on support set and fine-tune on query set. The pre-training phase, which is highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ruting Chi , Zhiyi Huang , Yuexing Han
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