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It is of significant interest in many applications to sample from a high-dimensional target distribution $\pi$ with the density $\pi(\text{d} x) \propto e^{-U(x)} (\text{d} x) $, based on the temporal discretization of the Langevin…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-01-30 Chenxu Pang , Xiaojie Wang , Yue Wu

Langevin Monte Carlo (LMC) algorithms are popular Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to sample a target probability distribution, which arises in many applications in machine learning. Inspired by regime-switching stochastic…

Computation · Statistics 2025-09-03 Xiaoyu Wang , Yingli Wang , Lingjiong Zhu

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), such as Langevin dynamics, is valid for approximating intractable distributions. However, its usage is limited in the context of deep latent variable models owing to costly datapoint-wise sampling iterations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Shohei Taniguchi , Yusuke Iwasawa , Wataru Kumagai , Yutaka Matsuo

Sampling from a high-dimensional probability distribution is a fundamental algorithmic task arising in wide-ranging applications across multiple disciplines, including scientific computing, computational statistics and machine learning.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-11 Bin Yang , Xiaojie Wang

We study the problem of sampling from a distribution $p^*(x) \propto \exp\left(-U(x)\right)$, where the function $U$ is $L$-smooth everywhere and $m$-strongly convex outside a ball of radius $R$, but potentially nonconvex inside this ball.…

Diffusion language models (DLMs) are an attractive alternative to autoregressive models because they promise sublinear-time, parallel generation, yet practical gains remain elusive as high-quality samples still demand hundreds of refinement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Hasan Amin , Yuan Gao , Yaser Souri , Subhojit Som , Ming Yin , Rajiv Khanna , Xia Song

Purpose: The Unadjusted Langevin Algorithm (ULA) in combination with diffusion models can generate high quality MRI reconstructions with uncertainty estimation from highly undersampled k-space data. However, sampling methods such as…

Medical Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Moritz Blumenthal , Tina Holliber , Jonathan I. Tamir , Martin Uecker

Motivated by decentralized approaches to machine learning, we propose a collaborative Bayesian learning algorithm taking the form of decentralized Langevin dynamics in a non-convex setting. Our analysis show that the initial KL-divergence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-12 Anjaly Parayil , He Bai , Jemin George , Prudhvi Gurram

Many Bayesian inference problems require exploring the posterior distribution of high-dimensional parameters that represent the discretization of an underlying function. This work introduces a family of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)…

Computation · Statistics 2016-05-03 Tiangang Cui , Kody J. H. Law , Youssef M. Marzouk

Sampling from discrete distributions is a ubiquitous task in machine learning, recently revisited by the emergence of discrete diffusion models. While Langevin algorithms constitute the state of the art for continuous spaces, discrete…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Armand Gissler , Saeed Saremi , Francis Bach

In this paper, we study the problem of sampling from a given probability density function that is known to be smooth and strongly log-concave. We analyze several methods of approximate sampling based on discretizations of the (highly…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-02-26 Arnak S. Dalalyan , Avetik G. Karagulyan

Diffusion models (DMs) are a class of generative machine learning methods that sample a target distribution by transforming samples of a trivial (often Gaussian) distribution using a learned stochastic differential equation. In standard…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-15 Luke Causer , Grant M. Rotskoff , Juan P. Garrahan

Diffusion Models (DM) and Consistency Models (CM) are two types of popular generative models with good generation quality on various tasks. When training DM and CM, intermediate weight checkpoints are not fully utilized and only the last…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Enshu Liu , Junyi Zhu , Zinan Lin , Xuefei Ning , Shuaiqi Wang , Matthew B. Blaschko , Sergey Yekhanin , Shengen Yan , Guohao Dai , Huazhong Yang , Yu Wang

Mean-field Langevin dynamics (MFLD) is an optimization method derived by taking the mean-field limit of noisy gradient descent for two-layer neural networks in the mean-field regime. Recently, the propagation of chaos (PoC) for MFLD has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-19 Atsushi Nitanda , Anzelle Lee , Damian Tan Xing Kai , Mizuki Sakaguchi , Taiji Suzuki

The identification of parameters in mathematical models using noisy observations is a common task in uncertainty quantification. We employ the framework of Bayesian inversion: we combine monitoring and observational data with prior…

Computation · Statistics 2018-05-11 Jonas Latz , Iason Papaioannou , Elisabeth Ullmann

Fitting models to data to obtain distributions of consistent parameter values is important for uncertainty quantification, model comparison, and prediction. Standard Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches for fitting ordinary…

Computation · Statistics 2025-09-05 Chris Chi , Jonathan Weare , Aaron R. Dinner

This paper provides a convergence analysis for generalized Hamiltonian Monte Carlo samplers, a family of Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods based on leapfrog integration of Hamiltonian dynamics and kinetic Langevin diffusion, that encompasses…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Evan Camrud , Alain Durmus , Pierre Monmarché , Gabriel Stoltz

The use of non-differentiable priors in Bayesian statistics has become increasingly popular, in particular in Bayesian imaging analysis. Current state of the art methods are approximate in the sense that they replace the posterior with a…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-17 Jacob Vorstrup Goldman , Torben Sell , Sumeetpal Sidhu Singh

The classical Langevin Monte Carlo method looks for samples from a target distribution by descending the samples along the gradient of the target distribution. The method enjoys a fast convergence rate. However, the numerical cost is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-07 Zhiyan Ding , Qin Li

We study posterior sampling for inverse problems in discrete state spaces using discrete diffusion models as generative priors. While continuous diffusion models have become widely used for inverse problems, their discrete counterparts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Chaitanya Amballa , Sattwik Basu , Jorge Vančo Sampedro , Romit Roy Choudhury