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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) requires agents to explore within a vast joint action space to find joint actions that lead to coordination. Existing value-based MARL algorithms commonly rely on random exploration, such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Lukas Schäfer , Oliver Slumbers , Stephen McAleer , Yali Du , Stefano V. Albrecht , David Mguni

In multi-agent games, the complexity of the environment can grow exponentially as the number of agents increases, so it is particularly challenging to learn good policies when the agent population is large. In this paper, we introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Qian Long , Zihan Zhou , Abhibav Gupta , Fei Fang , Yi Wu , Xiaolong Wang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms have accomplished remarkable breakthroughs in solving large-scale decision-making tasks. Nonetheless, most existing MARL algorithms are model-free, limiting sample efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Qihan Liu , Jianing Ye , Xiaoteng Ma , Jun Yang , Bin Liang , Chongjie Zhang

Reinforcement learning has empowered large language models to act as intelligent agents, yet training them for long-horizon tasks remains challenging due to the scarcity of high-quality trajectories, especially under limited resources.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jinyang Wu , Shuo Yang , Changpeng Yang , Yuhao Shen , Shuai Zhang , Zhengqi Wen , Jianhua Tao

There is a growing interest in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) as the first steps towards building general intelligent agents that learn to make low and high-level decisions in non-stationary complex environments in the presence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Marco Jerome Gasparrini , Ricard Solé , Martí Sánchez-Fibla

Although Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is effective for complex multi-robot tasks, it suffers from low sample efficiency and requires iterative manual reward tuning. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Guobin Zhu , Rui Zhou , Wenkang Ji , Shiyu Zhao

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been gaining extensive attention from academia and industries in the past few decades. One of the fundamental problems in MARL is how to evaluate different approaches comprehensively. Most…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Zhiuxan Liang , Jiannong Cao , Shan Jiang , Divya Saxena , Jinlin Chen , Huafeng Xu

Many cooperative multiagent reinforcement learning environments provide agents with a sparse team-based reward, as well as a dense agent-specific reward that incentivizes learning basic skills. Training policies solely on the team-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Shauharda Khadka , Somdeb Majumdar , Santiago Miret , Stephen McAleer , Kagan Tumer

We study multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for tasks in complex high-dimensional environments, such as autonomous driving. MARL is known to suffer from the \textit{partial observability} and \textit{non-stationarity} issues. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Hang Wang , Dechen Gao , Junshan Zhang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has achieved promising results in recent years. However, most existing reinforcement learning methods require a large amount of data for model training. In addition, data-efficient reinforcement…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Xin Yu , Rongye Shi , Pu Feng , Yongkai Tian , Jie Luo , Wenjun Wu

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms often struggle to find strategies close to Pareto optimal Nash Equilibrium, owing largely to the lack of efficient exploration. The problem is exacerbated in sparse-reward settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Zhicheng Zhang , Yancheng Liang , Yi Wu , Fei Fang

In this paper, we introduce an alternative approach to enhancing Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) through the integration of domain knowledge and attention-based policy mechanisms. Our methodology focuses on the incorporation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Andre R Kuroswiski , Annie S Wu , Angelo Passaro

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful reasoners in natural language, but their actions are typically confined to outputting vocabulary tokens. As a result, interactions with external environments -- such as symbolic operators or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Zhongqi Yue , Weishi Wang , Yundaichuan Zhan , Juncheng Li , Daniel Dahlmeier , Fredrik D. Johansson

A critical challenge in multi-agent reinforcement learning(MARL) is for multiple agents to efficiently accomplish complex, long-horizon tasks. The agents often have difficulties in cooperating on common goals, dividing complex tasks, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Can Chang , Ni Mu , Jiajun Wu , Ling Pan , Huazhe Xu

Flocking is a very challenging problem in a multi-agent system; traditional flocking methods also require complete knowledge of the environment and a precise model for control. In this paper, we propose Evolutionary Multi-Agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Yunxiao Guo , Xinjia Xie , Runhao Zhao , Chenglan Zhu , Jiangting Yin , Han Long

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a promising area of research that can model and control multiple, autonomous decision-making agents. During online training, MARL algorithms involve performance-intensive computations such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Kailash Gogineni , Peng Wei , Tian Lan , Guru Venkataramani

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a pivotal component of large language model (LLM) post-training, and agentic RL extends this paradigm to operate as agents through multi-turn interaction and tool use. Scaling such systems exposes two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zheyue Tan , Mustapha Abdullahi , Tuo Shi , Huining Yuan , Zelai Xu , Chao Yu , Boxun Li , Bo Zhao

Flocking control is a challenging problem, where multiple agents, such as drones or vehicles, need to reach a target position while maintaining the flock and avoiding collisions with obstacles and collisions among agents in the environment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Yunbo Qiu , Yue Jin , Jian Wang , Xudong Zhang

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is an increasingly important research field that can model and control multiple large-scale autonomous systems. Despite its achievements, existing multi-agent learning methods typically involve…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Kailash Gogineni , Peng Wei , Tian Lan , Guru Venkataramani

Advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) enable sequential decision making for a range of exciting multi-agent applications such as cooperative AI and autonomous driving. Explaining agent decisions is crucial for improving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Kayla Boggess , Sarit Kraus , Lu Feng
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