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Imitation learning is a powerful approach for learning autonomous driving policy by leveraging data from expert driver demonstrations. However, driving policies trained via imitation learning that neglect the causal structure of expert…

On time-series data, most causal discovery methods fit a new model whenever they encounter samples from a new underlying causal graph. However, these samples often share relevant information which is lost when following this approach.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-24 Sindy Löwe , David Madras , Richard Zemel , Max Welling

Regularization improves generalization of supervised models to out-of-sample data. Prior works have shown that prediction in the causal direction (effect from cause) results in lower testing error than the anti-causal direction. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Trent Kyono , Yao Zhang , Mihaela van der Schaar

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has recently emerged as a promising tool for Dynamic Algorithm Configuration (DAC), enabling evolutionary algorithms to adapt their parameters online rather than relying on static tuned configurations.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Andrea Mencaroni , Robbert Reijnen , Yingqian Zhang , Dieter Claeys

Causal confusion is a phenomenon where an agent learns a policy that reflects imperfect spurious correlations in the data. Such a policy may falsely appear to be optimal during training if most of the training data contain such spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Gunshi Gupta , Tim G. J. Rudner , Rowan Thomas McAllister , Adrien Gaidon , Yarin Gal

Imitation learning, which learns agent policy by mimicking expert demonstration, has shown promising results in many applications such as medical treatment regimes and self-driving vehicles. However, it remains a difficult task to interpret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Tianxiang Zhao , Wenchao Yu , Suhang Wang , Lu Wang , Xiang Zhang , Yuncong Chen , Yanchi Liu , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen

Predicting the distribution of outcomes under hypothetical interventions is crucial across healthcare, economics, and policy-making. However, existing methods often require restrictive assumptions, and are typically limited by the lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Andreas Sauter , Saber Salehkaleybar , Aske Plaat , Erman Acar

Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has proved a promising alternative for conventional local heuristics in score-based approaches to learning directed acyclic causal graphs (DAGs) from observational data. However, the intricate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Bao Duong , Hung Le , Biwei Huang , Thin Nguyen

Active learning (AL) is a machine learning algorithm that can achieve greater accuracy with fewer labeled training instances, for having the ability to ask oracles to label the most valuable unlabeled data chosen iteratively and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Ruoyu Wang

Causal inference is a critical task across fields such as healthcare, economics, and the social sciences. While recent advances in machine learning, especially those based on the deep-learning architectures, have shown potential in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-12-30 Manqing Liu , David R. Bellamy , Andrew L. Beam

Adversarial Imitation Learning (AIL) is a class of algorithms in Reinforcement learning (RL), which tries to imitate an expert without taking any reward from the environment and does not provide expert behavior directly to the policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Samin Yeasar Arnob

Learning the causal structure behind data is invaluable for improving generalization and obtaining high-quality explanations. We propose a novel framework, Invariant Structure Learning (ISL), that is designed to improve causal structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Yunhao Ge , Sercan Ö. Arik , Jinsung Yoon , Ao Xu , Laurent Itti , Tomas Pfister

A fundamental difficulty of causal learning is that causal models can generally not be fully identified based on observational data only. Interventional data, that is, data originating from different experimental environments, improves…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-04 Juan L. Gamella , Christina Heinze-Deml

Most algorithms in classical and contemporary machine learning focus on correlation-based dependence between features to drive performance. Although success has been observed in many relevant problems, these algorithms fail when the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Moritz Willig , Matej Zečević , Devendra Singh Dhami , Kristian Kersting

Causal discovery is a fundamental problem with applications spanning various areas in science and engineering. It is well understood that solely using observational data, one can only orient the causal graph up to its Markov equivalence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zihan Zhou , Muhammad Qasim Elahi , Murat Kocaoglu

Applying Q-learning to high-dimensional or continuous action spaces can be difficult due to the required maximization over the set of possible actions. Motivated by techniques from amortized inference, we replace the expensive maximization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-23 Tom Van de Wiele , David Warde-Farley , Andriy Mnih , Volodymyr Mnih

Causal reasoning has been an indispensable capability for humans and other intelligent animals to interact with the physical world. In this work, we propose to endow an artificial agent with the capability of causal reasoning for completing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-07 Suraj Nair , Yuke Zhu , Silvio Savarese , Li Fei-Fei

The quest for interpretable reinforcement learning is a grand challenge for the deployment of autonomous decision-making systems in safety-critical applications. Modern deep reinforcement learning approaches, while powerful, tend to produce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Kourosh Shahnazari , Seyed Moein Ayyoubzadeh , Mohammadali Keshtparvar

We study the problem of causal discovery through targeted interventions. Starting from few observational measurements, we follow a Bayesian active learning approach to perform those experiments which, in expectation with respect to the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-10 Julius von Kügelgen , Paul K Rubenstein , Bernhard Schölkopf , Adrian Weller

It is known that from purely observational data, a causal DAG is identifiable only up to its Markov equivalence class, and for many ground truth DAGs, the direction of a large portion of the edges will be remained unidentified. The golden…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 AmirEmad Ghassami , Saber Salehkaleybar , Negar Kiyavash