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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on complex reasoning tasks, yet little is known about their ability to internally evaluate problem difficulty, which is an essential capability for adaptive reasoning and efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sunbowen Lee , Qingyu Yin , Chak Tou Leong , Jialiang Zhang , Yicheng Gong , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang , Xiaoyu Shen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in multimodal reasoning. However, they often excessively rely on textual information during the later stages of inference, neglecting the crucial integration of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Shuo Yang , Yuwei Niu , Yuyang Liu , Yang Ye , Bin Lin , Li Yuan

Large multimodal models (LMMs) "see" images by leveraging the attention mechanism between text and visual tokens in the transformer decoder. Ideally, these models should focus on key visual information relevant to the text token. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Seil Kang , Jinyeong Kim , Junhyeok Kim , Seong Jae Hwang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success in both textual and multimodal domains. However, this success often comes with substantial computational costs, particularly when handling lengthy sequences of multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Mustafa Shukor , Matthieu Cord

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive performance on semantic tasks, their spatial intelligence--crucial for robust and grounded AI systems--remains underdeveloped. Existing benchmarks fall short of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mingrui Wu , Zhaozhi Wang , Fangjinhua Wang , Jiaolong Yang , Marc Pollefeys , Tong Zhang

Despite remarkable advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), a fundamental question remains: are MLLMs robust to contradicting modalities? To rigorously study this, we introduce MMA-Bench comprising videos and tasks that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Tianle Chen , Chaitanya Chakka , Arjun Reddy Akula , Xavier Thomas , Deepti Ghadiyaram

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable abilities in text comprehension and logical reasoning, indicating that the text representations learned by LLMs can facilitate their language processing capabilities. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Yuqi Ren , Renren Jin , Tongxuan Zhang , Deyi Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable performance improvement through in-context learning (ICL) by leveraging task-specific examples in the input. However, the mechanisms behind this improvement remain elusive. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Safoora Yousefi , Leo Betthauser , Hosein Hasanbeig , Raphaël Millière , Ida Momennejad

Large language models (LLMs) have been effectively used for many computer vision tasks, including image classification. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective approach for zero-shot image classification using multimodal LLMs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Abdelrahman Abdelhamed , Mahmoud Afifi , Alec Go

Transformer-based language models, though not explicitly trained to mimic brain recordings, have demonstrated surprising alignment with brain activity. Progress in these models-through increased size, instruction-tuning, and…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have remarkably progressed in analyzing and understanding images. Despite these advancements, accurately regressing values in charts remains an underexplored area for MLLMs. For visualization, how do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Rami Huu Nguyen , Kenichi Maeda , Mahsa Geshvadi , Daniel Haehn

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in tasks like visual question answering and common sense reasoning, while visual perception models have made significant strides in perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Guanqun Wang , Xinyu Wei , Jiaming Liu , Ray Zhang , Yichi Zhang , Kevin Zhang , Maurice Chong , Shanghang Zhang

Despite interpretability work analyzing VIT encoders and transformer activations, we don't yet understand why Multimodal Language Models (MLMs) struggle on perception-heavy tasks. We offer an under-studied perspective by examining how…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Benlin Liu , Amita Kamath , Madeleine Grunde-McLaughlin , Winson Han , Ranjay Krishna

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable flexibility: they can adapt to novel tasks from in-context examples without any parameter updates, a capability known as in-context learning (ICL). Prior work on synthetic tasks has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hua-Dong Xiong , Li Ji-An , Robert C. Wilson , Kwonjoon Lee , Xue-Xin Wei

State-of-the-art Vision-Language Models (VLMs) ground the vision and the language modality primarily via projecting the vision tokens from the encoder to language-like tokens, which are directly fed to the Large Language Model (LLM)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Sivan Doveh , Shaked Perek , M. Jehanzeb Mirza , Wei Lin , Amit Alfassy , Assaf Arbelle , Shimon Ullman , Leonid Karlinsky

Although Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive multimodal reasoning capabilities, their scalability and deployment are constrained by massive computational requirements. In particular, the massive amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Surendra Pathak , Bo Han

Vision Language Models (VLMs) encode multimodal inputs over large, complex, and difficult-to-interpret architectures, which limit transparency and trust. We propose a Multimodal Inversion for Model Interpretation and Conceptualization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Animesh Jain , Alexandros Stergiou

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized numerous fields, with large language models (LLMs) and computer vision (CV) systems driving advancements in natural language understanding and visual processing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Yunkai Dang , Kaichen Huang , Jiahao Huo , Yibo Yan , Sirui Huang , Dongrui Liu , Mengxi Gao , Jie Zhang , Chen Qian , Kun Wang , Yong Liu , Jing Shao , Hui Xiong , Xuming Hu

Large vision-language models (VLMs) typically process hundreds or thousands of visual tokens per image or video frame, incurring quadratic attention cost and substantial redundancy. Existing token reduction methods often ignore the textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Kaitong Cai , Jusheng Zhang , Jing Yang , Yijia Fan , Pengtao Xie , Jian Wang , Keze Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs), originally developed for natural language processing (NLP), have demonstrated the potential to generalize across modalities and domains. With their in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, LLMs can perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Nikolaos Pavlidis , Vasilis Perifanis , Symeon Symeonidis , Pavlos S. Efraimidis