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Mixture of experts (MoE) model is a statistical machine learning design that aggregates multiple expert networks using a softmax gating function in order to form a more intricate and expressive model. Despite being commonly used in several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Huy Nguyen , Nhat Ho , Alessandro Rinaldo

Large Language Models (LLMs) with Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures are distinguished by their strong performance scaling with increasing parameters across a wide range of tasks, yet they also suffer from substantial computational and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yuzhuang Xu , Xu Han , Yuanchi Zhang , Yixuan Wang , Yijun Liu , Shiyu Ji , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Mixtures-of-Experts (MoE) are conditional mixture models that have shown their performance in modeling heterogeneity in data in many statistical learning approaches for prediction, including regression and classification, as well as for…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-17 Bao Tuyen Huynh , Faicel Chamroukhi

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) has led to the adoption of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures that dynamically leverage specialized subnetworks for improved efficiency and performance. Despite their benefits, MoE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ruisi Cai , Yeonju Ro , Geon-Woo Kim , Peihao Wang , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi , Aditya Akella , Zhangyang Wang

The application of mixture-of-experts (MoE) is gaining popularity due to its ability to improve model's performance. In an MoE structure, the gate layer plays a significant role in distinguishing and routing input features to different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Zhitian Xie , Yinger Zhang , Chenyi Zhuang , Qitao Shi , Zhining Liu , Jinjie Gu , Guannan Zhang

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a powerful paradigm for scaling large language models (LLMs) while maintaining inference efficiency. However, their enormous memory requirements make them prohibitively expensive to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zichong Li , Chen Liang , Zixuan Zhang , Ilgee Hong , Young Jin Kim , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising approach to scale up deep learning models due to its significant reduction in computational resources. However, the dynamic nature of MoE leads to load imbalance among experts, severely…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chenqi Zhao , Wenfei Wu , Linhai Song , Yuchen Xu , Yitao Yuan

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for scaling model capacity while preserving computational efficiency. Despite its notable success in large language models (LLMs), existing attempts to apply MoE to Diffusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yujie Wei , Shiwei Zhang , Hangjie Yuan , Yujin Han , Zhekai Chen , Jiayu Wang , Difan Zou , Xihui Liu , Yingya Zhang , Yu Liu , Hongming Shan

Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved astonishing successes in many domains, especially with the recent breakthroughs in the development of foundational large models. These large models, leveraging their extensive training data, provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Siyuan Mu , Sen Lin

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has become a key architectural paradigm for efficiently scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) by selectively activating a subset of parameters for each input token. However, standard MoE architectures face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zehua Liu , Han Wu , Ruifeng She , Xiaojin Fu , Xiongwei Han , Tao Zhong , Mingxuan Yuan

Structured pruning is an effective approach for compressing large pre-trained neural networks without significantly affecting their performance. However, most current structured pruning methods do not provide any performance guarantees, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Marwa El Halabi , Suraj Srinivas , Simon Lacoste-Julien

Sparsely-activated Mixture-of-experts (MoE) models allow the number of parameters to greatly increase while keeping the amount of computation for a given token or a given sample unchanged. However, a poor expert routing strategy (e.g. one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Yanqi Zhou , Tao Lei , Hanxiao Liu , Nan Du , Yanping Huang , Vincent Zhao , Andrew Dai , Zhifeng Chen , Quoc Le , James Laudon

Mixture of Experts (MoE) architectures have emerged as pivotal for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently. Fine-grained MoE approaches - utilizing more numerous, smaller experts - have demonstrated potential in improving model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jakub Krajewski , Marcin Chochowski , Daniel Korzekwa

We present a new supervised architecture termed Mediated Mixture-of-Experts (MMoE) that allows us to improve classification accuracy of Deep Convolutional Networks (DCN). Our architecture achieves this with the help of expert networks: A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Sebastian Agethen , Winston H. Hsu

In parameter-efficient fine-tuning, mixture-of-experts (MoE), which involves specializing functionalities into different experts and sparsely activating them appropriately, has been widely adopted as a promising approach to trade-off…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Jinyuan Feng , Chaopeng Wei , Tenghai Qiu , Tianyi Hu , Zhiqiang Pu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models offer dynamic computation, but are typically deployed as static full-capacity models, missing opportunities for deployment-specific specialization. We introduce PreMoE, a training-free framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zehua Pei , Ying Zhang , Hui-Ling Zhen , Tao Yuan , Xianzhi Yu , Zhenhua Dong , Sinno Jialin Pan , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) models are an emerging class of sparsely activated deep learning models that have sublinear compute costs with respect to their parameters. In contrast with dense models, the sparse architecture of MoE offers…

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) for language models has been proven effective in augmenting the capacity of models by dynamically routing each input token to a specific subset of experts for processing. Despite the success, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Hao Zhao , Zihan Qiu , Huijia Wu , Zili Wang , Zhaofeng He , Jie Fu

To tackle the huge computational demand of large foundation models, activation-aware compression techniques without retraining have been introduced. However, since these rely on calibration data, domain shift may arise for unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Toshiaki Koike-Akino , Jing Liu , Ye Wang

A sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has emerged as a highly scalable solution by conditionally activating sub-modules without a proportional increase in computational costs. However, improving expert specialization to enhance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Sugyeong Eo , Jungjun Lee , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim
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