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This article provides the basic algebraic background on infinitesimal deformations and presents the proof of the well-known fact that the non-trivial infinitesimal deformations of a $K$-algebra $R$ are parameterized by the elements of…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2018-04-24 Mina Bigdeli , Jürgen Herzog , Dancheng Lu

We associate to every quandle $X$ and an associative ring with unity $\mathbf{k}$, a nonassociative ring $\mathbf{k}[X]$ following [3]. The basic properties of such rings are investigated. In particular, under the assumption that the inner…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2020-08-04 Mohamed Elhamdadi , Neranga Fernando , Boris Tsvelikhovskiy

In this work we attempt to generalize our result in [6] [7] for real rings (not just von Neumann regular real rings). In other words we attempt to characterize and construct real closure * of commutative unitary rings that are real. We also…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2009-12-07 Jose Capco

We consider a generalization of the axioms of a TQFT, so called half-projective TQFT's, with an anomaly, $x^{\mu}$, in the composition law. $\mu$ is a coboundary on the cobordism categories with non-negative, integer values. The element $x$…

q-alg · Mathematics 2009-10-30 Thomas Kerler

An ordered semiring is a commutative semiring equipped with a compatible preorder. Ordered semirings generalise both distributive lattices and commutative rings, and provide a convenient framework to unify certain aspects of lattice theory…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-11-08 Soichiro Fujii

Invertibility is an important concept in category theory. In higher category theory, it becomes less obvious what the correct notion of invertibility is, as extra coherence conditions can become necessary for invertible structures to have…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-20 Alex Rice

In the presence of spacetime boundaries, diffeomorphisms in gravitational theories can become physical and acquire non-vanishing Noether charges. These charges obey an algebra which, within the extended phase-space formalism, faithfully…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-24 Ludovic Varrin

We further develop the theory of layered semigroups, as introduced by Farah, Hindman and McLeod, providing a general framework to prove Ramsey statements about such a semigroup $S$. By nonstandard and topological arguments, we show Ramsey…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-26 Jordan Mitchell Barrett

This is the first part in a series in which sofic entropy theory is generalized to class-bijective extensions of sofic groupoids. Here we define topological and measure entropy and prove invariance. We also establish the variational…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-03-19 Lewis Bowen

In recent years, centrally essential rings have been intensively studied in ring theory. In particular, they find applications in homological algebra, group rings, and the structural theory of rings. The class of essentially central rings…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2022-04-22 Askar Tuganbaev

A `whole-part' theory is developed for a set of finite quantum systems $\Sigma (n)$ with variables in ${\mathbb Z}(n)$. The partial order `subsystem' is defined, by embedding various attributes of the system $\Sigma (m)$ (quantum states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 A. Vourdas

We survey results on factorizations of non zero-divisors into atoms (irreducible elements) in noncommutative rings. The point of view in this survey is motivated by the commutative theory of non-unique factorizations. Topics covered include…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-06-13 Daniel Smertnig

Originally motivated by connections to integrable systems, two natural subalgebras of the rational Cherednik algebra have been considered in the literature. The first is the subalgebra of all degree zero elements and the second is the Dunkl…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Gwyn Bellamy , Misha Feigin , Niall Hird

We establish a generalisation of the fundamental state convertibility theorem in quantum information to the context of bipartite quantum systems modelled by commuting semi-finite von Neumann algebras. Namely, we establish a generalisation…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2020-09-15 Jason Crann , David W. Kribs , Rupert H. Levene , Ivan G. Todorov

A multiring ([Mar3]) is a kind of ring where is allowed the sum of two elements to be anon-empty subset of the structure instead of just one element -and an hyperring is a multiring with a strong distributive property. Thus a reduced…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Hugo Rafael de Oliveira Ribeiro , Hugo Luiz Mariano

Semi-free ideal rings, or semifirs, were introduced by Paul M. Cohn to study universal localizations in the non-commutative setting. We provide new examples of semifirs consisting of analytic functions in several non-commuting variables.…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Méric L. Augat , Robert T. W. Martin , Eli Shamovich

A ring R shall be called F-noetherian if every finite subset of R is contained in a (left and right) noetherian subring of R . For example, every commutative ring is tightly F-noetherian in the sense that every finite subset of R generates…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2016-10-04 Nazih Nahlus

We develop an elementary theory of partially additive rings as a foundation of ${\mathbb F}_1$-geometry. Our approach is so concrete that an analog of classical algebraic geometry is established very straightforwardly. As applications, (1)…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Shingo Okuyama

We define a topological ring $R$ to be \emph{Hirsch}, if for any unconditionally convergent series $\sum_{n\in\omega} x_i$ in $R$ and any neighborhood $U$ of the additive identity $0$ of $R$ there exists a neighborhood $V\subseteq R$ of $0$…

General Topology · Mathematics 2021-12-21 Taras Banakh , Alex Ravsky

Given a graded ample Hausdorff groupoid, we realise its graded Steinberg algebra as a partial skew inverse semigroup ring. We use this to show that for a partial action of a discrete group on a locally compact Hausdorff topological space,…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2017-08-18 Roozbeh Hazrat , Huanhuan Li