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We show a direct product result for two-way public coin communication complexity of all relations in terms of a new complexity measure that we define. Our new measure is a generalization to non-product distributions of the two-way product…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-11-29 Rahul Jain

We consider the well-studied Robust $(k, z)$-Clustering problem, which generalizes the classic $k$-Median, $k$-Means, and $k$-Center problems. Given a constant $z\ge 1$, the input to Robust $(k, z)$-Clustering is a set $P$ of $n$ weighted…

One of the major open problems in complexity theory is proving super-logarithmic lower bounds on the depth of circuits (i.e., $\mathbf{P}\not\subseteq\mathbf{NC}^{1}$). Karchmer, Raz, and Wigderson (Computational Complexity 5(3/4), 1995)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Or Meir

Given positive integers $a_1,..., a_n, t$, the fixed weight subset sum problem is to find a subset of the $a_i$ that sum to $t$, where the subset has a prescribed number of elements. It is this problem that underlies the security of modern…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-01-16 Andrew Shallue

Mixture distributions arise in many application areas, for example as marginal distributions or convolutions of distributions. We present a method of constructing an easily tractable discrete mixture distribution as an approximation to a…

Computation · Statistics 2017-02-20 Christian Röver , Tim Friede

The tendency of semidefinite programs to compose perfectly under product has been exploited many times in complexity theory: for example, by Lovasz to determine the Shannon capacity of the pentagon; to show a direct sum theorem for…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-05-01 Troy Lee , Rajat Mittal

The subset sum problem is known to be an NP-hard problem in the field of computer science with the fastest known approach having a run-time complexity of $O(2^{0.3113n})$. A modified version of this problem is known as the perfect sum…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kristof Pusztai

Hard-capacitated $k$-means (HCKM) is one of the fundamental problems remaining open in combinatorial optimization and data mining areas. In this problem, one is required to partition a given $n$-point set into $k$ disjoint clusters with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Yicheng Xu , Rolf H. Möhring , Dachuan Xu , Yong Zhang , Yifei Zou

A line of work initiated by Terhal and DiVincenzo and Bremner, Jozsa, and Shepherd, shows that quantum computers can efficiently sample from probability distributions that cannot be exactly sampled efficiently on a classical computer,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-07-21 Bill Fefferman , Chris Umans

Due to recent developments of Malliavin calculus for rough differential equations, it is now known that, under natural assumptions, the law of a unique solution at a fixed time has a smooth density function. Therefore, it is quite natural…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-18 Yuzuru Inahama , Bin Pei

We present and analyze a natural hierarchy of weak theories, develop analysis in them, and show that they are interpretable in bounded quantifier arithmetic $\text{I}\Delta_0$ (and hence in Robinson arithmetic Q). The strongest theories…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-12-20 Dmytro Taranovsky

We study the following distribution clustering problem: Given a hidden partition of $k$ distributions into two groups, such that the distributions within each group are the same, and the two distributions associated with the two clusters…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Gunjan Kumar , Yash Pote , Jonathan Scarlett

We prove upper and lower bounds for certain sums of products of fractional parts by using majoring and minorizing functions from Fourier analysis. In special cases the upper bounds are sharp if there exist counterexamples to the Littlewood…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-09-09 Thai Hoang Le , Jeffrey D. Vaaler

This article focuses on parabolic equations with rough diffusion coefficients which are ill-posed in the classical sense of distributions due to the presence of a singular forcing. Inspired by the philosophy of rough paths and regularity…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2018-03-28 Felix Otto , Jonas Sauer , Scott Smith , Hendrik Weber

This paper studies the problem of {\em learning} the probability distribution $P_X$ of a discrete random variable $X$ using indirect and sequential samples. At each time step, we choose one of the possible $K$ functions, $g_1, \ldots, g_K$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-17 Samarth Gupta , Gauri Joshi , Osman Yağan

This paper deals with strong invariance principles (known also as strong approximation theorems) for sums of the form $\sum_{n=1}^{[Nt]}F\big(X(n),X(2n),...,X(kn), X(q_{k+1}(n)),X(q_{k+2}(n)),..., X(q_\ell(n))\big)$

Probability · Mathematics 2013-02-21 Yuri Kifer

Given a set of numbers, the $k$-SUM problem asks for a subset of $k$ numbers that sums to zero. When the numbers are integers, the time and space complexity of $k$-SUM is generally studied in the word-RAM model; when the numbers are reals,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-25 Andrea Lincoln , Virginia Vassilevska Williams , Joshua R. Wang , R. Ryan Williams

This paper develops an efficient algorithm for computing the Euclidean projection onto the top-k-sum constraint, a key operation in financial risk management and matrix optimization problems. Existing projection methods rely on sorting and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-12 Jianting Pan , Ming Yan

We use the Sum of Squares method to develop new efficient algorithms for learning well-separated mixtures of Gaussians and robust mean estimation, both in high dimensions, that substantially improve upon the statistical guarantees achieved…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Samuel B. Hopkins , Jerry Li

Sampling from a dynamic discrete distribution means drawing an index with probability proportional to a mutable set of weights. Classical constant-time techniques such as the Alias Method are well suited to static distributions, but become…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Lilith Orion Hafner , Adriano Meligrana