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Vision-based deep reinforcement learning (RL) typically obtains performance benefit by using high capacity and relatively large convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, a large network leads to higher inference costs (power, latency,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Sam Green , Craig M. Vineyard , Çetin Kaya Koç

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been successfully applied to solve the problem of finding obstacle-free paths for autonomous agents operating in stochastic and uncertain environments. However, when the underlying stochastic dynamics of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Sheryl Paul , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh

One of the fundamental challenges for offline reinforcement learning (RL) is ensuring robustness to data distribution. Whether the data originates from a near-optimal policy or not, we anticipate that an algorithm should demonstrate its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Xiaohan Hu , Yi Ma , Chenjun Xiao , Yan Zheng , Jianye Hao

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) looks at learning how to optimally solve tasks using a fixed dataset of interactions from the environment. Many off-policy algorithms developed for online learning struggle in the offline setting as they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Natinael Solomon Neggatu , Jeremie Houssineau , Giovanni Montana

In offline reinforcement learning, a policy learns to maximize cumulative rewards with a fixed collection of data. Towards conservative strategy, current methods choose to regularize the behavior policy or learn a lower bound of the value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Hongchang Zhang , Jianzhun Shao , Yuhang Jiang , Shuncheng He , Xiangyang Ji

Offline reinforcement learning (RL), also known as batch RL, aims to optimize policy from a large pre-recorded dataset without interaction with the environment. This setting offers the promise of utilizing diverse, pre-collected datasets to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Qiang He , Xinwen Hou

Traditional on-policy Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) frameworks suffer from experience waste and reward homogeneity, which directly hinders learning efficiency on difficult samples during large language models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xu Wan , Yansheng Wang , Wenqi Huang , Mingyang Sun

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) shows promise in training tool-use Large Language Models (LLMs) using verifiable outcome rewards, existing methods largely overlook the potential of reasoning rewards based on chain-of-thought quality for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zihan Lin , Xiaohan Wang , Hexiong Yang , Jiajun Chai , Jie Cao , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Ran He

Differentiable reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks like DiffRO offer a powerful approach for controllable text-to-speech (TTS), but are vulnerable to reward hacking, particularly for nuanced tasks like emotion control. The policy model…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Cong Wang , Changfeng Gao , Yang Xiang , Zhihao Du , Keyu An , Han Zhao , Qian Chen , Xiangang Li , Yingming Gao , Ya Li

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), the performance of the learned policy highly depends on the quality of offline datasets. However, in many cases, the offline dataset contains very limited optimal trajectories, which poses a challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Guanghe Li , Yixiang Shan , Zhengbang Zhu , Ting Long , Weinan Zhang

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable success in sequential decision-making by leveraging the highly expressive model capabilities in policy learning. A central problem for learning diffusion policies is to align the policy output with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zhao Shan , Chenyou Fan , Shuang Qiu , Jiyuan Shi , Chenjia Bai

In offline reinforcement learning, weighted regression is a common method to ensure the learned policy stays close to the behavior policy and to prevent selecting out-of-sample actions. In this work, we show that due to the limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Huayu Chen , Cheng Lu , Chengyang Ying , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

The Soft Actor-Critic (SAC) algorithm with a Gaussian policy has become a mainstream implementation for realizing the Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learning (MaxEnt RL) objective, which incorporates entropy maximization to encourage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Xiaoyi Dong , Jian Cheng , Xi Sheryl Zhang

Bridging the gap between diffusion models and human preferences is crucial for their integration into practical generative workflows. While optimizing downstream reward models has emerged as a promising alignment strategy, concerns arise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ziyi Zhang , Sen Zhang , Yibing Zhan , Yong Luo , Yonggang Wen , Dacheng Tao

Reinforcement learning with verifiable reward has recently emerged as a central paradigm for post-training large language models (LLMs); however, prevailing mean-based methods, such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Tao Ren , Jinyang Jiang , Hui Yang , Wan Tian , Minhao Zou , Guanghao Li , Zishi Zhang , Qinghao Wang , Shentao Qin , Yanjun Zhao , Rui Tao , Hui Shao , Yijie Peng

Aligning large language models with human preferences has emerged as a critical focus in language modeling research. Yet, integrating preference learning into Text-to-Image (T2I) generative models is still relatively uncharted territory.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yi Gu , Zhendong Wang , Yueqin Yin , Yujia Xie , Mingyuan Zhou

Instability and slowness are two main problems in deep reinforcement learning. Even if proximal policy optimization (PPO) is the state of the art, it still suffers from these two problems. We introduce an improved algorithm based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Zhenyu Zhang , Xiangfeng Luo , Tong Liu , Shaorong Xie , Jianshu Wang , Wei Wang , Yang Li , Yan Peng

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has experienced significant advancements in recent years and has been widely used in many fields. In DRL-based robotic policy learning, however, current de facto policy parameterization is still…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Diyuan Shi , Yiqi Tang , Zifeng Zhuang , Donglin Wang

Diffusion policies have achieved great success in online reinforcement learning (RL) due to their strong expressive capacity. However, the inference of diffusion policy models relies on a slow iterative sampling process, which limits their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Tianyi Chen , Haitong Ma , Na Li , Kai Wang , Bo Dai

Most offline reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms return a target policy maximizing a trade-off between (1) the expected performance gain over the behavior policy that collected the dataset, and (2) the risk stemming from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Zhang-Wei Hong , Pulkit Agrawal , Rémi Tachet des Combes , Romain Laroche