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Deep neural networks have reached human-level performance on many computer vision tasks. However, the objectives used to train these networks enforce only that similar images are embedded at similar locations in the representation space,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Lukas Muttenthaler , Lorenz Linhardt , Jonas Dippel , Robert A. Vandermeulen , Katherine Hermann , Andrew K. Lampinen , Simon Kornblith

_Uncertainty expressions_ such as "probably" or "highly unlikely" are pervasive in human language. While prior work has established that there is population-level agreement in terms of how humans quantitatively interpret these expressions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Catarina G Belem , Markelle Kelly , Mark Steyvers , Sameer Singh , Padhraic Smyth

Language models that are trained on the next-word prediction task have been shown to accurately model human behavior in word prediction and reading speed. In contrast with these findings, we present a scenario in which the performance of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Aditya R. Vaidya , Javier Turek , Alexander G. Huth

The perceptual representations supporting our ability to recognize faces remain a computational mystery. Deep neural networks offer mechanistic hypotheses for human face perception, but theoretically distinct models often make…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-14 Wenxuan Guo , Heiko H. Schütt , Kamila Maria Jozwik , Katherine R. Storrs , Nikolaus Kriegeskorte , Tal Golan

Children acquire language despite being exposed to several orders of magnitude less data than large language models require. Meta-learning has been proposed as a way to integrate human-like learning biases into neural-network architectures,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Michael Goodale , Salvador Mascarenhas , Yair Lakretz

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable abilities in producing human-like text. However, it is unclear how accurately these models internalize concepts that shape human thought and behavior. Here, we developed a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hiro Taiyo Hamada , Ippei Fujisawa , Genji Kawakita , Yuki Yamada

Recent advances in multimodal models have raised questions about whether vision-and-language models (VLMs) integrate cross-modal information in ways that reflect human cognition. One well-studied test case in this domain is the bouba-kiki…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tom Kouwenhoven , Kiana Shahrasbi , Tessa Verhoef

In this paper, we introduce personalized word embeddings, and examine their value for language modeling. We compare the performance of our proposed prediction model when using personalized versus generic word representations, and study how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Charles Welch , Jonathan K. Kummerfeld , Verónica Pérez-Rosas , Rada Mihalcea

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated human-like capabilities in language comprehension and generation, becoming active participants in social and cognitive domains. This study investigates whether LLMs exhibit personality-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Wang Jiaqi , Wang bo , Guo fa , Cheng cheng , Yang li

Large language models show human-like performance in knowledge extraction, reasoning and dialogue, but it remains controversial whether this performance is best explained by memorization and pattern matching, or whether it reflects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Mathias Lykke Gammelgaard , Jonathan Gabel Christiansen , Anders Søgaard

A core tension in models of concept learning is that the model must carefully balance the tractability of inference against the expressivity of the hypothesis class. Humans, however, can efficiently learn a broad range of concepts. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Kevin Ellis

Monocular depth estimation is a fundamental capability for real-world applications such as autonomous driving and robotics. Although deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved superhuman accuracy on physical-based benchmarks, a key challenge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Yuki Kubota , Taiki Fukiage

An evaluation criterion for safe and trustworthy deep learning is how well the invariances captured by representations of deep neural networks (DNNs) are shared with humans. We identify challenges in measuring these invariances. Prior works…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Vedant Nanda , Ayan Majumdar , Camila Kolling , John P. Dickerson , Krishna P. Gummadi , Bradley C. Love , Adrian Weller

Are the predictions of humans and language models affected by similar things? Research suggests that while comprehending language, humans make predictions about upcoming words, with more predictable words being processed more easily.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 James A. Michaelov , Benjamin K. Bergen

Recent success in training deep neural networks have prompted active investigation into the features learned on their intermediate layers. Such research is difficult because it requires making sense of non-linear computations performed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-03-01 Yixuan Li , Jason Yosinski , Jeff Clune , Hod Lipson , John Hopcroft

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in robotics, especially for high-level action planning. Meanwhile, many robotics applications involve human supervisors or collaborators. Hence, it is crucial for LLMs to generate socially…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Lennart Wachowiak , Andrew Coles , Oya Celiktutan , Gerard Canal

Human perception is routinely assessing the similarity between images, both for decision making and creative thinking. But the underlying cognitive process is not really well understood yet, hence difficult to be mimicked by computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Olivier Risser-Maroix , Amine Marzouki , Hala Djeghim , Camille Kurtz , Nicolas Lomenie

We investigate whether Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit human-like cognitive patterns under four established frameworks from psychology: Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), Framing Bias, Moral Foundations Theory (MFT), and Cognitive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Akash Kundu , Rishika Goswami

Machine learning algorithms are increasingly used to assist human decision-making. When the goal of machine assistance is to improve the accuracy of human decisions, it might seem appealing to design ML algorithms that complement human…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Nina Grgić-Hlača , Claude Castelluccia , Krishna P. Gummadi

Humans have a rich representation of the entities in their environment. Entities are described by their attributes, and entities that share attributes are often semantically related. For example, if two books have "Natural Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Mohamadreza Faridghasemnia , Daniele Nardi , Alessandro Saffiotti