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Software engineering increasingly involves making high-stakes decisions under uncertainty, using signals from code, field data, and socio-technical processes. Recent AI-driven support (e.g., anomaly detection, predictive analytics, AIOps,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Roberto Pietrantuono , Luca Giamattei , Stefano Russo , Julien Siebert , Neil Walkinshaw

To guarantee the safety and reliability of autonomous vehicle (AV) systems, corner cases play a crucial role in exploring the system's behavior under rare and challenging conditions within simulation environments. However, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Qiujing Lu , Meng Ma , Ximiao Dai , Xuanhan Wang , Shuo Feng

Autonomous systems, such as self-driving vehicles, quadrupeds, and robot manipulators, are largely enabled by the rapid development of artificial intelligence. However, such systems involve several trustworthy challenges such as safety,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Wenhao Ding

Reliable collision avoidance under extreme situations remains a critical challenge for autonomous vehicles. While large language models (LLMs) offer promising reasoning capabilities, their application in safety-critical evasive maneuvers is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Shiyue Zhao , Junzhi Zhang , Neda Masoud , Heye Huang , Xiaohui Hou , Chengkun He

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) have undergone remarkable development and are increasingly employed in safety-critical applications. However, recently reported data on fatal accidents involving ADSs suggests that the desired level of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-13 An Guo , Yuan Zhou , Haoxiang Tian , Chunrong Fang , Yunjian Sun , Weisong Sun , Xinyu Gao , Anh Tuan Luu , Yang Liu , Zhenyu Chen

The selection of relevant test scenarios for the scenario-based testing and safety validation of automated driving systems (ADSs) remains challenging. An important aspect of the relevance of a scenario is the challenge it poses for an ADS.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Lennart Vater , Sven Tarlowski , Michael Schuldes , Lutz Eckstein

How to generate testing scenario libraries for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) is a major challenge faced by the industry. In previous studies, to evaluate maneuver challenge of a scenario, surrogate models (SMs) are often used…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-30 Shuo Feng , Yiheng Feng , Haowei Sun , Yi Zhang , Henry X. Liu

Autonomous driving decision-making at unsignalized intersections is highly challenging due to complex dynamic interactions and high conflict risks. To achieve proactive safety control, this paper proposes a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Chengyang Dong , Nan Guo

Simulation environments are good for learning different driving tasks like lane changing, parking or handling intersections etc. in an abstract manner. However, these simulation environments often restrict themselves to operate under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Ashish Rana , Avleen Malhi

The reliable operation of autonomous vehicles, automated driving functions, and advanced driver assistance systems across a wide range of relevant scenarios is critical for their development and deployment. Identifying a near-complete set…

Adversarial scenario generation is a cost-effective approach for safety assessment of autonomous driving systems. However, existing methods are often constrained to a single, fixed trade-off between competing objectives such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Tong Nie , Yuewen Mei , Yihong Tang , Junlin He , Jie Sun , Haotian Shi , Wei Ma , Jian Sun

Reliable anticipation of traffic accidents is essential for advancing autonomous driving systems. However, this objective is limited by two fundamental challenges: the scarcity of diverse, high-quality training data and the frequent absence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Chengyue Wang , Xingcheng Liu , Jiaxun Zhang , Zhenning Li

While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have established the fundamentals of DNN-based autonomous driving systems, they may exhibit erroneous behaviors and cause fatal accidents. To resolve the safety issues of autonomous driving systems, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Mengshi Zhang , Yuqun Zhang , Lingming Zhang , Cong Liu , Sarfraz Khurshid

Autonomous driving systems (ADSs) are capable of sensing the environment and making driving decisions autonomously. These systems are safety-critical, and testing them is one of the important approaches to ensure their safety. However, due…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Chengjie Lu , Tao Yue , Man Zhang , Shaukat Ali

Behavior prediction remains one of the most challenging tasks in the autonomous vehicle (AV) software stack. Forecasting the future trajectories of nearby agents plays a critical role in ensuring road safety, as it equips AVs with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Francis Indaheng , Edward Kim , Kesav Viswanadha , Jay Shenoy , Jinkyu Kim , Daniel J. Fremont , Sanjit A. Seshia

Since the advent of autonomous driving technology, it has experienced remarkable progress over the last decade. However, most existing research still struggles to address the challenges posed by environments where multiple vehicles have to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Jing Wang , Yan Jin , Fei Ding , Chongfeng Wei

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Advanced Driving Systems (ADS) are key to improving road safety, yet most existing implementations focus primarily on the vehicle ahead, neglecting the behavior of following vehicles. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Dianwei Chen , Yaobang Gong , Xianfeng Yang

Trajectory anomaly detection, aiming to estimate the anomaly risk of trajectories given the Source-Destination (SD) pairs, has become a critical problem for many real-world applications. Existing solutions directly train a generative model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Wenbin Li , Di Yao , Chang Gong , Xiaokai Chu , Quanliang Jing , Xiaolei Zhou , Yuxuan Zhang , Yunxia Fan , Jingping Bi

Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to increase traffic safety and traffic efficiency, among others by enabling flexible mobility-on-demand systems. This is particularly important in Singapore, being one of the world's most densely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-20 J. Ploeg , E. de Gelder , M. Slavík , E. Querner , T. Webster , N. de Boer

Safe control in dynamic traffic environments remains a major challenge for autonomous vehicles (AVs), as ego vehicle and obstacle states are inherently affected by sensing noise and estimation uncertainty. However, existing studies have not…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Pei Yu Chang , Qizhe Xu , Vishnu Renganathan , Qadeer Ahmed