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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for high-stakes decision-making, yet existing approaches struggle to reconcile scalability, interpretability, and reproducibility. Black-box models obscure their reasoning, while recent…

While recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced performance across diverse natural language tasks, the high computational and financial costs associated with their deployment remain substantial barriers.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Soham Shah , Kumar Shridhar , Surojit Chatterjee , Souvik Sen

Large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved significant success across various application domains, garnering substantial attention from different communities. Unfortunately, even for the best LLM, many \textit{faults} still exist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Qiang Hu , Jin Wen , Maxime Cordy , Yuheng Huang , Wei Ma , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma

We propose an ensembling framework that uses diverse open-sourced Large Language Models (LLMs) to achieve high response quality while maintaining cost efficiency. We formulate a bi-objective optimization problem to represent the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Aditi Singla , Aditya Singh , Kanishk Kukreja

Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly Code LLMs, have demonstrated impressive performance in code generation. Current research primarily focuses on the correctness of generated code, while efficiency remains less explored. Recent works…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Tong Ye , Weigang Huang , Xuhong Zhang , Tengfei Ma , Peiyu Liu , Jianwei Yin , Wenhai Wang

To enhance Large Language Models' (LLMs) reliability, calibration is essential -- the model's assessed confidence scores should align with the actual likelihood of its responses being correct. However, current confidence elicitation methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yukun Huang , Yixin Liu , Raghuveer Thirukovalluru , Arman Cohan , Bhuwan Dhingra

Inference-time scaling can enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) on complex problems that benefit from step-by-step problem solving. Although lengthening generated scratchpads has proven effective for…

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have exhibited the capacity of enhancing reasoning performance via internal test-time scaling. Building upon this, a promising direction is to further scale test-time compute to unlock even greater reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jian Wang , Boyan Zhu , Chak Tou Leong , Yongqi Li , Wenjie Li

Code generation aims to synthesize code and fulfill functional requirements based on natural language (NL) specifications, which can greatly improve development efficiency. In the era of large language models (LLMs), large code models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Chaozheng Wang , Zongjie Li , Cuiyun Gao , Wenxuan Wang , Ting Peng , Hailiang Huang , Yuetang Deng , Shuai Wang , Michael R. Lyu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized inference across diverse natural language tasks, with larger models performing better but at higher computational costs. We propose a confidence-driven strategy that dynamically selects the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Bo-Wei Chen , Chung-Chi Chen , An-Zi Yen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance across a wide range of natural language processing tasks. However, high-performing models are typically accessible only via APIs, incurring substantial inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Woo-Chan Kim , Ji-Hoon Park , Seong-Whan Lee

Speculative decoding has emerged as a promising lossless approach for accelerating Large Language Models (LLMs). As reasoning LLMs increasingly suffer from decode-stage overhead and approximation-based methods degrade accuracy, lossless…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Soongyu Choi , Yuntae Kim , Muyoung Son , Joo-Young Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in reasoning tasks. A key approach is tree-based search with verifiers, which expand candidate reasoning paths and use reward models to guide pruning and selection. Although…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yingqian Cui , Zhenwei Dai , Pengfei He , Bing He , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Jingying Zeng , Suhang Wang , Yue Xing , Jiliang Tang , Benoit Dumoulin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently made significant advances in code generation through the 'Chain-of-Thought' prompting technique. This technique empowers the model to autonomously devise "solution plans" to tackle intricate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Zhihong Sun , Chen Lyu , Bolun Li , Yao Wan , Hongyu Zhang , Ge Li , Zhi Jin

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in code generation, yet their true programming competence remains underexplored. We introduce the Code Triangle framework, which systematically evaluates LLMs across three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Taolin Zhang , Zihan Ma , Maosong Cao , Junnan Liu , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

The rapid rise of Language Models (LMs) has expanded the capabilities of natural language processing, powering applications from text generation to complex decision-making. While state-of-the-art LMs often boast hundreds of billions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Maximilian Abstreiter , Sasu Tarkoma , Roberto Morabito

Recently, deep neural networks have become to be used in a variety of applications. While the accuracy of deep neural networks is increasing, the confidence score, which indicates the reliability of the prediction results, is becoming more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Shohei Enomoto , Takeharu Eda

Adaptive inference schemes reduce the cost of machine learning inference by assigning smaller models to easier examples, attempting to avoid invocation of larger models when possible. In this work we explore a simple, effective adaptive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Steven Kolawole , Don Dennis , Ameet Talwalkar , Virginia Smith

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen great advance in both academia and industry, and their popularity results in numerous open-source frameworks and techniques in accelerating LLM pre-training, fine-tuning, and inference. Training and…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Longteng Zhang , Xiang Liu , Zeyu Li , Xinglin Pan , Peijie Dong , Ruibo Fan , Rui Guo , Xin Wang , Qiong Luo , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu

Recent advancements in tool learning have enabled large language models (LLMs) to integrate external tools, enhancing their task performance by expanding their knowledge boundaries. However, relying on tools often introduces tradeoffs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hongshen Xu , Zihan Wang , Zichen Zhu , Lei Pan , Xingyu Chen , Lu Chen , Kai Yu
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