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Related papers: Learning the Language of Protein Structure

200 papers

The goal of protein representation learning is to extract knowledge from protein databases that can be applied to various protein-related downstream tasks. Although protein sequence, structure, and function are the three key modalities for…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-14 Eunji Ko , Seul Lee , Minseon Kim , Dongki Kim

Generative modeling has become a central paradigm in protein research, extending machine learning beyond structure prediction toward sequence design, backbone generation, inverse folding, and biomolecular interaction modeling. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Senura Hansaja Wanasekara , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Xiaochen Liu , Nguyen H. Tran , Ken-Tye Yong

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) for understanding proteins primarily treats amino acid sequences as a text modality. Meanwhile, Protein Language Models (PLMs), such as ESM-2, have learned massive sequential evolutionary knowledge from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Nuowei Liu , Changzhi Sun , Tao Ji , Junfeng Tian , Jianxin Tang , Yuanbin Wu , Man Lan

Recent years have witnessed a surge in the development of protein structural tokenization methods, which chunk protein 3D structures into discrete or continuous representations. Structure tokenization enables the direct application of…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-26 Xinyu Yuan , Zichen Wang , Marcus Collins , Huzefa Rangwala

Proteins are essential macromolecules defined by their amino acid sequences, which determine their three-dimensional structures and, consequently, their functions in all living organisms. Therefore, generative protein modeling necessitates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinyou Wang , Zaixiang Zheng , Fei Ye , Dongyu Xue , Shujian Huang , Quanquan Gu

Pre-trained LLMs have demonstrated substantial capabilities across a range of conventional natural language processing (NLP) tasks, such as summarization and entity recognition. In this paper, we explore the application of LLMs in the…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-14 Kamyar Zeinalipour , Neda Jamshidi , Monica Bianchini , Marco Maggini , Marco Gori

Protein function is inherently linked to its localization within the cell, and fluorescent microscopy data is an indispensable resource for learning representations of proteins. Despite major developments in molecular representation…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-25 Anastasia Razdaibiedina , Alexander Brechalov

Protein language models learn powerful representations directly from sequences of amino acids. However, they are constrained to generate proteins with only the set of amino acids represented in their vocabulary. In contrast, chemical…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-08-21 Daniel Flam-Shepherd , Kevin Zhu , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Deep learning is catalyzing a scientific revolution fueled by big data, accessible toolkits, and powerful computational resources, impacting many fields including protein structural modeling. Protein structural modeling, such as predicting…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2020-07-17 Wenhao Gao , Sai Pooja Mahajan , Jeremias Sulam , Jeffrey J. Gray

Proteins are macromolecules that perform essential functions in all living organisms. Designing novel proteins with specific structures and desired functions has been a long-standing challenge in the field of bioengineering. Existing…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-03 Chence Shi , Chuanrui Wang , Jiarui Lu , Bozitao Zhong , Jian Tang

Predicting the structure of multi-protein complexes is a grand challenge in biochemistry, with major implications for basic science and drug discovery. Computational structure prediction methods generally leverage pre-defined structural…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2021-01-26 Stephan Eismann , Raphael J. L. Townshend , Nathaniel Thomas , Milind Jagota , Bowen Jing , Ron O. Dror

Multimodal protein language models (PLMs) integrate sequence and token-based structural information, serving as a powerful foundation for protein modeling, generation, and design. However, the reliance on tokenizing 3D structures into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Cheng-Yen Hsieh , Xinyou Wang , Daiheng Zhang , Dongyu Xue , Fei Ye , Shujian Huang , Zaixiang Zheng , Quanquan Gu

Protein representation learning is critical for numerous biological tasks. Recently, large transformer-based protein language models (pLMs) pretrained on large scale protein sequences have demonstrated significant success in sequence-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xuefeng Liu , Songhao Jiang , Chih-chan Tien , Jinbo Xu , Rick Stevens

Predicting the structure of a protein from its sequence is a cornerstone task of molecular biology. Established methods in the field, such as homology modeling and fragment assembly, appeared to have reached their limit. However, this year…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Georgy Derevyanko , Guillaume Lamoureux

Representation learning for proteins has primarily focused on the global understanding of protein sequences regardless of their length. However, shorter proteins (known as peptides) take on distinct structures and functions compared to…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-15 Gil Sadeh , Zichen Wang , Jasleen Grewal , Huzefa Rangwala , Layne Price

Proteins are macromolecules that mediate a significant fraction of the cellular processes that underlie life. An important task in bioengineering is designing proteins with specific 3D structures and chemical properties which enable…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-31 Namrata Anand , Tudor Achim

Protein structure is central to biological function, and enabling multimodal protein models requires joint reasoning over sequence, structure, and function. A key barrier is the lack of principled protein structure tokenizers (PSTs):…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-03 Michael Sun , Weize Yuan , Gang Liu , Wojciech Matusik , Marinka Zitnik

Protein language models (pLMs) have demonstrated success at generating functional proteins across vast sequence spaces but lack the ability to design high-fitness variants on demand. Here, we iteratively guide pLMs toward user-defined…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-12-01 Filippo Stocco , Maria Artigues-Lleixa , Andrea Hunklinger , Talal Widatalla , Marc Guell , Noelia Ferruz

Neural network-based language models deal with data sparsity problems by mapping the large discrete space of words into a smaller continuous space of real-valued vectors. By learning distributed vector representations for words, each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Davide Nunes , Luis Antunes

Generative modeling for protein engineering is key to solving fundamental problems in synthetic biology, medicine, and material science. We pose protein engineering as an unsupervised sequence generation problem in order to leverage the…