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We study the dynamic portfolio selection of an investor who uses deep learning methods to forecast stock market excess returns. In a two-asset allocation problem, deep neural networks -- both feedforward and long short-term memory (LSTM)…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-16 Mykola Babiak , Jozef Barunik

Recent developments in deep learning techniques have motivated intensive research in machine learning-aided stock trading strategies. However, since the financial market has a highly non-stationary nature hindering the application of…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-12-15 Kentaro Imajo , Kentaro Minami , Katsuya Ito , Kei Nakagawa

We propose a universal end-to-end framework for portfolio optimization where asset distributions are directly obtained. The designed framework circumvents the traditional forecasting step and avoids the estimation of the covariance matrix,…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-11-18 Chao Zhang , Zihao Zhang , Mihai Cucuringu , Stefan Zohren

With the improvement of computer performance and the development of GPU-accelerated technology, trading with machine learning algorithms has attracted the attention of many researchers and practitioners. In this research, we propose a novel…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-03-23 Huanming Zhang , Zhengyong Jiang , Jionglong Su

Portfolio construction traditionally relies on separately estimating expected returns and covariance matrices using historical statistics, often leading to suboptimal allocation under time-varying market conditions. This paper proposes a…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-23 Keonvin Park

Improvements in return forecast accuracy do not always lead to proportional improvements in portfolio decision quality, especially under realistic trading frictions and constraints. This paper adopts the Smart Predict--then--Optimize (SPO)…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-13 Wang Yi , Takashi Hasuike

This paper introduces a hybrid framework for portfolio optimization that fuses Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) forecasting with a Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) reinforcement learning strategy. The proposed system leverages the predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jun Kevin , Pujianto Yugopuspito

In this paper, we propose a machine learning algorithm for time-inconsistent portfolio optimization. The proposed algorithm builds upon neural network based trading schemes, in which the asset allocation at each time point is determined by…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-06 Kristoffer Andersson , Cornelis W. Oosterlee

Deep learning offers new tools for portfolio optimization. We present an end-to-end framework that directly learns portfolio weights by combining Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to model temporal patterns, Graph Attention Networks…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-27 Yun Lin , Jiawei Lou , Jinghe Zhang

In recent years, hyperparameter optimization (HPO) has become an increasingly important issue in the field of machine learning for the development of more accurate forecasting models. In this study, we explore the potential of HPO in…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-01-29 Sang Il Lee

We adopt deep learning models to directly optimise the portfolio Sharpe ratio. The framework we present circumvents the requirements for forecasting expected returns and allows us to directly optimise portfolio weights by updating model…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-26 Zihao Zhang , Stefan Zohren , Stephen Roberts

This work studies reinforcement learning (RL) in the context of multi-period supply chains subject to constraints, e.g., on production and inventory. We introduce Distributional Constrained Policy Optimization (DCPO), a novel approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Jaime Sabal Bermúdez , Antonio del Rio Chanona , Calvin Tsay

Portfolio optimization in real-world financial markets is notoriously difficult due to non-stationarity, noisy data, and high transaction costs. Standard predict-then-optimize methods first forecast returns and then solve for weights,…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-05-29 Rahul Fernandes , Travis Desell

Stock portfolio optimization is the process of constant re-distribution of money to a pool of various stocks. In this paper, we will formulate the problem such that we can apply Reinforcement Learning for the task properly. To maintain a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Le Trung Hieu

Traditional approaches to portfolio optimization, often rooted in Modern Portfolio Theory and solved via quadratic programming or evolutionary algorithms, struggle with scalability or flexibility, especially in scenarios involving complex…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Christian Oliva , Pedro R. Ventura , Luis F. Lago-Fernández

Portfolio optimization has been a central problem in finance, often approached with two steps: calibrating the parameters and then solving an optimization problem. Yet, the two-step procedure sometimes encounter the "error maximization"…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-07-13 Ayse Sinem Uysal , Xiaoyue Li , John M. Mulvey

Performative prediction aims to model scenarios where predictive outcomes subsequently influence the very systems they target. The pursuit of a performative optimum (PO) -- minimizing performative risk -- is generally reliant on modeling of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Songkai Xue , Yuekai Sun

In this paper, we introduce EvoPort, a novel evolutionary portfolio optimization method that leverages stochastic exploration over a spectrum of investment pipeline depths. From raw equity data, we employ a randomized feature generation…

Computation · Statistics 2025-06-11 Nguyen Van Thanh , Nguyen Thi Hau

Recent alignment methods based on Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) reformulate preference learning as supervised optimization over pairwise comparisons, offering improved efficiency and stability over reinforcement learning from human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yuhui Sun , Xiyao Wang , Zixi Li , YiTian Ding , Tianyang Ling , Jialuo Chen , Tianyi Yu , Zhenlong Yuan , Jinman Zhao

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has become a standard paradigm for post-training large language models. While Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) is widely adopted, its coarse credit assignment uniformly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Gengsheng Li , Tianyu Yang , Junfeng Fang , Mingyang Song , Mao Zheng , Haiyun Guo , Dan Zhang , Jinqiao Wang , Tat-Seng Chua
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