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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as coding assistants. However, the ambiguity of the developer's prompt often leads to incorrect code generation, as current models struggle to infer user intent without extensive prompt…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Harsh Darji , Thibaud Lutellier

Large language models (LLMs) often respond even when prompts omit critical details or include misleading information, leading to hallucinations or reinforced misconceptions. We study how to evaluate and improve LLMs' ability to decide when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Jiale Zhao , Ke Fang , Lu Cheng

Legal case retrieval, which aims to retrieve relevant cases to a given query case, benefits judgment justice and attracts increasing attention. Unlike generic retrieval queries, legal case queries are typically long and the definition of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Youchao Zhou , Heyan Huang , Zhijing Wu

This study aims to develop models that generate corpus informed clarifying questions for web search, in a way that ensures the questions align with the available information in the retrieval corpus. We demonstrate the effectiveness of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Antonios Minas Krasakis , Andrew Yates , Evangelos Kanoulas

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as conversational assistants in open-domain, multi-turn settings, where users often provide incomplete or ambiguous information. However, existing LLM-focused clarification benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Sichun Luo , Yi Huang , Mukai Li , Shichang Meng , Fengyuan Liu , Zefa Hu , Junlan Feng , Qi Liu

Knowledge augmentation has significantly enhanced the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, existing methods typically operate on the simplistic premise that model performance equates with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Hao Chen , Ye He , Yuchun Fan , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Qingfu Zhu , Maosong Sun , Wanxiang Che

Resolving ambiguities through interaction is a hallmark of natural language, and modeling this behavior is a core challenge in crafting AI assistants. In this work, we study such behavior in LMs by proposing a task-agnostic framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Michael J. Q. Zhang , Eunsol Choi

Ambiguity in natural language poses significant challenges to Large Language Models (LLMs) used for open-domain question answering. LLMs often struggle with the inherent uncertainties of human communication, leading to misinterpretations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Aryan Keluskar , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

Users often fail to formulate their complex information needs in a single query. As a consequence, they may need to scan multiple result pages or reformulate their queries, which may be a frustrating experience. Alternatively, systems can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Mohammad Aliannejadi , Hamed Zamani , Fabio Crestani , W. Bruce Croft

Clarifying questions are an integral component of modern information retrieval systems, directly impacting user satisfaction and overall system performance. Poorly formulated questions can lead to user frustration and confusion, negatively…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Hossein A. Rahmani , Xi Wang , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Mohammadmehdi Naghiaei , Emine Yilmaz

Coping with ambiguous questions has been a perennial problem in real-world dialogue systems. Although clarification by asking questions is a common form of human interaction, it is hard to define appropriate questions to elicit more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Xiang Hu , Zujie Wen , Yafang Wang , Xiaolong Li , Gerard de Melo

Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities, enabling concise, context-aware answers in question answering (QA) tasks. The lack of transparency in complex LLMs has inspired extensive research aimed at developing methods to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yangyi Li , Mengdi Huai

Although large language models (LLMs) have been touted for their ability to generate natural-sounding text, there are growing concerns around possible negative effects of LLMs such as data memorization, bias, and inappropriate language.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Michael Kuchnik , Virginia Smith , George Amvrosiadis

The increasing demand for intelligent systems capable of interpreting and reasoning about visual content requires the development of large Vision-and-Language Models (VLMs) that are not only accurate but also have explicit reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Kohei Uehara , Nabarun Goswami , Hanqin Wang , Toshiaki Baba , Kohtaro Tanaka , Tomohiro Hashimoto , Kai Wang , Rei Ito , Takagi Naoya , Ryo Umagami , Yingyi Wen , Tanachai Anakewat , Tatsuya Harada

Large language models (LLMs), especially when instruction-tuned for chat, have become part of our daily lives, freeing people from the process of searching, extracting, and integrating information from multiple sources by offering a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yuxia Wang , Minghan Wang , Muhammad Arslan Manzoor , Fei Liu , Georgi Georgiev , Rocktim Jyoti Das , Preslav Nakov

Natural language (NL) is arguably the most prevalent medium for expressing systems and software requirements. Detecting incompleteness in NL requirements is a major challenge. One approach to identify incompleteness is to compare…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Dipeeka Luitel , Shabnam Hassani , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh

Question answering is one of the most important and difficult applications at the border of information retrieval and natural language processing, especially when we talk about complex science questions which require some form of inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-08 George-Sebastian Pirtoaca , Traian Rebedea , Stefan Ruseti

Despite demonstrating impressive capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) still often struggle to accurately express the factual knowledge they possess, especially in cases where the LLMs' knowledge boundaries are ambiguous. To improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Boyang Xue , Fei Mi , Qi Zhu , Hongru Wang , Rui Wang , Sheng Wang , Erxin Yu , Xuming Hu , Kam-Fai Wong

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to a multitude of application opportunities. One traditional task for Information Retrieval systems is the summarization and classification of texts, both of which are important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Oliver Hummel

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely applied to assist in finding solutions for diverse questions. Prior work has proposed representing a method as a pair of a question and its corresponding solution, enabling method reuse.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hong Su