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The Set-union Knapsack Problem (SUKP) is a generalization of the popular 0-1 knapsack problem. Given a set of weighted elements and a set of items with profits where each item is composed of a subset of elements, the SUKP involves packing a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Zequn Wei , Jin-Kao Hao

In the knapsack problem, we are given a knapsack of some capacity and a set of items, each with a size and a value. The goal is to pack a selection of these items fitting the knapsack that maximizes the total value. The online version of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Hans-Joachim Böckenhauer , Fabian Frei , Peter Rossmanith

Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP) is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, therefore, solving the QAP requires applying one or more of the meta-heuristic algorithms. This paper presents a comparative study between Meta-heuristic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-21 Gamal Abd El-Nasser A. Said , Abeer M. Mahmoud , El-Sayed M. El-Horbaty

Much combinatorial optimisation problems constitute a non-polynomial (NP) hard optimisation problem, i.e., they can not be solved in polynomial time. One such problem is finding the shortest route between two nodes on a graph.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-08 Alessandro Bay , Biswa Sengupta

Quadratic programming (QP) is a common and important constrained optimization problem. Here, we derive a surprising duality between constrained optimization with inequality constraints -- of which QP is a special case -- and consumer…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-05-22 Pankaj Mehta , Wenping Cui , Ching-Hao Wang , Robert Marsland

Knapsack problems are among the most fundamental problems in optimization. In the Multiple Knapsack problem, we are given multiple knapsacks with different capacities and items with values and sizes. The task is to find a subset of items of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Franziska Eberle , Nicole Megow , Lukas Nölke , Bertrand Simon , Andreas Wiese

The container relocation problem is a challenging combinatorial optimisation problem tasked with finding a sequence of container relocations required to retrieve all containers by a given order. Due to the complexity of this problem,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Mrko Đurasević , Mateja Đumić

We demonstrate the power of human-LLM collaboration in tackling open problems in theoretical computer science. Focusing on combinatorial optimization, we refine outputs from the FunSearch algorithm [Romera-Paredes et al., Nature 2023] to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Henri Nikoleit , Ankit Anand , Anurag Murty Naredla , Heiko Röglin

Packing and vehicle routing problems play an important role in the area of supply chain management. In this paper, we introduce a non-linear knapsack problem that occurs when packing items along a fixed route and taking into account travel…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-16 Sergey Polyakovskiy , Frank Neumann

We consider a problem in which a single repairer is responsible for the maintenance and repair of a collection of machines, positioned at different locations on a network of nodes and edges. Machines deteriorate according to stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Dongnuan Tian , Rob Shone

In practise, it is often desirable to provide the decision-maker with a rich set of diverse solutions of decent quality instead of just a single solution. In this paper we study evolutionary diversity optimization for the knapsack problem…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Jakob Bossek , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann

We investigate the contextual bandits with knapsack (CBwK) problem in a high-dimensional linear setting, where the feature dimension can be very large. Our goal is to harness sparsity to obtain sharper regret guarantees. To this end, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wanteng Ma , Dong Xia , Jiashuo Jiang

Heuristics are commonly used to tackle various search and optimization problems. Design heuristics usually require tedious manual crafting with domain knowledge. Recent works have incorporated Large Language Models (LLMs) into automatic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Shunyu Yao , Fei Liu , Xi Lin , Zhichao Lu , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

We consider the maximization problem of monotone submodular functions under an uncertain knapsack constraint. Specifically, the problem is discussed in the situation that the knapsack capacity is not given explicitly and can be accessed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Yasushi Kawase , Hanna Sumita , Takuro Fukunaga

Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) is a ubiquitous problem in computational biology. Although it is NP-hard to find an optimal solution for an arbitrary number of sequences, due to the importance of this problem researchers are trying to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-09-29 S. Schroedl

There are no computationally feasible algorithms that provide solutions to the finite horizon Risk-sensitive Constrained Markov Decision Process (Risk-CMDP) problem, even for problems with moderate horizon. With an aim to design the same,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-27 Vartika Singh , Veeraruna Kavitha

The personnel scheduling problem is a well-known NP-hard combinatorial problem. Due to the complexity of this problem and the size of the real-world instances, it is not possible to use exact methods, and thus heuristics, meta-heuristics,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Roman Václavík , Přemysl Šůcha , Zdeněk Hanzálek

In two-dimensional geometric knapsack problem, we are given a set of n axis-aligned rectangular items and an axis-aligned square-shaped knapsack. Each item has integral width, integral height and an associated integral profit. The goal is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Arindam Khan , Arnab Maiti , Amatya Sharma , Andreas Wiese

In this article we propose a heuristic algorithm to explore search space trees associated with instances of combinatorial optimization problems. The algorithm is based on Monte Carlo tree search, a popular algorithm in game playing that is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Jorik Jooken , Pieter Leyman , Tony Wauters , Patrick De Causmaecker

The Flying Sidekick Traveling Salesman Problem (FSTSP) considers a delivery system composed by a truck and a drone. The drone launches from the truck with a single package to deliver to a customer. Each drone must return to the truck to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Júlia C. Freitas , Puca Huachi V. Penna , Túlio A. M. Toffolo