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We describe Superstaq, a quantum software platform that optimizes the execution of quantum programs by tailoring to underlying hardware primitives. For benchmarks such as the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm and the Qubit Coupled Cluster…

Computational methods are the most effective tools we have besides scientific experiments to explore the properties of complex biological systems. Progress is slowing because digital silicon computers have reached their limits in terms of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-03 Viv Kendon

The quantum volume test is a full-system benchmark for quantum computers that is sensitive to qubit number, fidelity, connectivity, and other quantities believed to be important in building useful devices. The test was designed to produce a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Charles H. Baldwin , Karl Mayer , Natalie C. Brown , Ciarán Ryan-Anderson , David Hayes

With gate error rates in multiple technologies now below the threshold required for fault-tolerant quantum computation, the major remaining obstacle to useful quantum computation is scaling, a challenge greatly amplified by the huge…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Kianna Wan , Soonwon Choi , Isaac H. Kim , Noah Shutty , Patrick Hayden

Quantum error correction is essential for reliable quantum computation, where surface codes demonstrate high fault-tolerant thresholds and hardware efficiency. However, noise in single-shot measurements limits logical readout fidelity,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Xiao-Yue Xu , Chen Ding , Wan-Su Bao

Quantum computations are expressed in general as quantum circuits, which are specified by ordered lists of quantum gates. The resulting specifications are used during the optimisation and execution of the expressed computations. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Alexandru Paler , Simon J. Devitt

Constraint programming (CP) is a paradigm used to model and solve constraint satisfaction and combinatorial optimization problems. In CP, problems are modeled with constraints that describe acceptable solutions and solved with backtracking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-29 Kyle E. C. Booth , Bryan O'Gorman , Jeffrey Marshall , Stuart Hadfield , Eleanor Rieffel

High-quality quantum state generation is essential for advanced quantum information processing, including quantum communication, quantum sensing, and quantum computing. In practice, various error sources degrade the quality of quantum…

This paper presents the first concolic testing framework explicitly designed for quantum programs. The framework introduces quantum constraint generation methods for quantum control statements that quantify quantum states and offers a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shangzhou Xia , Jianjun Zhao , Fuyuan Zhang , Xiaoyu Guo

As quantum computing continues to emerge, ensuring the quality of quantum programs has become increasingly critical. Quantum program testing has emerged as a prominent research area within the scope of quantum software engineering. While…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiaming Ye , Xiongfei Wu , Shangzhou Xia , Fuyuan Zhang , Jianjun Zhao

Quantum computing proposes a revolutionary paradigm that can radically transform numerous scientific and industrial application domains. To realize this promise, these new capabilities need software solutions that are able to effectively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Otso Kinanen , Andrés D. Muñoz-Moller , Vlad Stirbu , Tommi Mikkonen

In recent years, software engineers have explored ways to assist quantum software programmers. Our goal in this paper is to continue this exploration and see if quantum software programmers deal with some problems plaguing classical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Lei Zhang , Mahsa Radnejad , Andriy Miranskyy

Quantum computation, a completely different paradigm of computing, benefits from theoretically proven speed-ups for certain problems and opens up the possibility of exactly studying the properties of quantum systems. Yet, because of the…

Quantum computing offers significant speedups for simulating physical, chemical, and biological systems, and for optimization and machine learning. As quantum software grows in complexity, the classical simulation of quantum computers,…

Quantum simulation, the simulation of quantum processes on quantum computers, suggests a path forward for the efficient simulation of problems in condensed-matter physics, quantum chemistry, and materials science. While the majority of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-03 Paul K. Faehrmann , Mark Steudtner , Richard Kueng , Maria Kieferova , Jens Eisert

As quantum technologies continue to advance, the proliferation of hardware architectures with diverse capabilities and limitations has underscored the importance of benchmarking as a tool to compare performance across platforms. Achieving…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 David Aguirre , Rubén Peña , Mikel Sanz

Quantum software engineering is an emerging discipline with distinct challenges, particularly in testing and debugging. As quantum computing transitions from theory to implementation, developers face issues not present in classical software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jake Zappin , Trevor Stalnaker , Oscar Chaparro , Denys Poshyvanyk

Quantum computers leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to execute operations. They require quantum programs that define operations on quantum bits (qubits), the fundamental units of computation. Unlike traditional software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Yuta Ishimoto , Masanari Kondo , Naoyasu Ubayashi , Yasutaka Kamei , Ryota Katsube , Naoto Sato , Hideto Ogawa

Recently Shor showed how to perform fault tolerant quantum computation when the error probability is logarithmically small. We improve this bound and describe fault tolerant quantum computation when the error probability is smaller than…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Dorit Aharonov , Michael Ben-Or

A quantum computer has now solved a specialized problem believed to be intractable for supercomputers, suggesting that quantum processors may soon outperform supercomputers on scientifically important problems. But flaws in each quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-21 Timothy Proctor , Kenneth Rudinger , Kevin Young , Erik Nielsen , Robin Blume-Kohout