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Restricted Boltzmann Machines are simple and powerful generative models that can encode any complex dataset. Despite all their advantages, in practice the trainings are often unstable and it is difficult to assess their quality because the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Nicolas Béreux , Aurélien Decelle , Cyril Furtlehner , Beatriz Seoane

Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is a generative stochastic neural network that can be applied to collaborative filtering technique used by recommendation systems. Prediction accuracy of the RBM model is usually better than that of other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Pei Yang , Srinivas Varadharajan , Lucas A. Wilson , Don D. Smith , John A Lockman , Vineet Gundecha , Quy Ta

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) offer a versatile architecture for unsupervised machine learning that can in principle approximate any target probability distribution with arbitrary accuracy. However, the RBM model is usually not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Lennart Dabelow , Masahito Ueda

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) have attracted a lot of attention of late, as one the principle building blocks of deep networks. Training RBMs remains problematic however, because of the intractibility of their partition function. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2010-12-17 Guillaume Desjardins , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are generative models which can learn useful representations from samples of a dataset in an unsupervised fashion. They have been widely employed as an unsupervised pre-training method in machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-09-13 Chris Häusler , Alex Susemihl , Martin P Nawrot , Manfred Opper

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) and their extensions, called 'deep-belief networks', are powerful neural networks that have found applications in the fields of machine learning and artificial intelligence. The standard way to training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-25 Haik Manukian , Fabio L. Traversa , Massimiliano Di Ventra

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are a powerful class of generative models, but their training requires computing a gradient that, unlike supervised backpropagation on typical loss functions, is notoriously difficult even to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Haik Manukian , Yan Ru Pei , Sean R. B. Bearden , Massimiliano Di Ventra

The Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is a stochastic neural network capable of solving a variety of difficult tasks such as NP-Hard combinatorial optimization problems and integer factorization. The RBM architecture is also very compact;…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Saavan Patel , Philip Canoza , Sayeef Salahuddin

Boltzmann machines (BMs) are powerful energy-based generative models, but their heavy training cost has largely confined practical use to Restricted BMs (RBMs) trained with an efficient learning method called contrastive divergence. More…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Kentaro Kubo , Hayato Goto

In this paper, we investigate the feature encoding process in a prototypical energy-based generative model, the Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM). We start with an analytical investigation using simplified architectures and data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Dimitrios Bachtis , Giulio Biroli , Aurélien Decelle , Beatriz Seoane

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are one of the fundamental building blocks of deep learning. Approximate maximum likelihood training of RBMs typically necessitates sampling from these models. In many training scenarios, computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-02 Guillaume Desjardins , Heng Luo , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

The deep extension of the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM), known as the deep Boltzmann machine (DBM), is an expressive family of machine learning models which can serve as compact representations of complex probability distributions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Haik Manukian , Massimiliano Di Ventra

Training Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) has been challenging for a long time due to the difficulty of computing precisely the log-likelihood gradient. Over the past decades, many works have proposed more or less successful training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Aurélien Decelle , Cyril Furtlehner , Beatriz Seoane

A Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is an unsupervised machine-learning bipartite graphical model that jointly learns a probability distribution over data and extracts their relevant statistical features. As such, RBM were recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Jérôme Tubiana , Simona Cocco , Rémi Monasson

The Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) is one of the simplest generative neural networks capable of learning input distributions. Despite its simplicity, the analysis of its performance in learning from the training data is only well…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yizhou Xu , Florent Krzakala , Lenka Zdeborová

Machine learning is becoming widely used in analyzing the thermodynamics of many-body condensed matter systems. Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) aided Monte Carlo simulations have sparked interest recently, as they manage to speed up…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-01-22 Daniel Alcalde Puente , Ilya M. Eremin

Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) are a common family of undirected graphical models with latent variables. An RBM is described by a bipartite graph, with all observed variables in one layer and all latent variables in the other. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Guy Bresler , Rares-Darius Buhai

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM), a simple energy-based generative model used in the context of unsupervised learning. Assuming the information content of this model to be mainly reflected…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2018-08-20 Aurélien Decelle , Giancarlo Fissore , Cyril Furtlehner

Machine learning methods are powerful in distinguishing different phases of matter in an automated way and provide a new perspective on the study of physical phenomena. We train a Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) on data constructed with…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-23 Shotaro Shiba Funai , Dimitrios Giataganas

Restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) are powerful machine learning models, but learning and some kinds of inference in the model require sampling-based approximations, which, in classical digital computers, are implemented using expensive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-10-27 Vincent Dumoulin , Ian J. Goodfellow , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio
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