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Quantum nonlocality is usually associated with entangled states by their violations of Bell-type inequalities. However, even unentangled systems, whose parts may have been prepared separately, can show nonlocal properties. In particular, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-06 Saronath Halder , Manik Banik , Sristy Agrawal , Somshubhro Bandyopadhyay

We study the constructions of nonlocal orthogonal product states in multipartite systems that cannot be distinguished by local operations and classical communication. We first present two constructions of nonlocal orthogonal product states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-19 Hui-Juan Zuo , Jia-Huan Liu , Xiao-Fan Zhen , Shao-Ming Fei

A set of multipartite orthogonal states is genuinely nonlocal if it is locally indistinguishable in every bipartition of the subsystems. If the set is locally reducible, we say it has genuine nonlocality of type…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-22 Ying-Ying Lu , Hai-Qing Cao , Hui-Juan Zuo , Shao-Ming Fei

A set of orthogonal product states is strongly nonlocal if it is locally irreducible in every bipartition, which shows the phenomenon of strong quantum nonlocality without entanglement. Although such a phenomenon has been shown to any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Yiyun He , Fei Shi , Xiande Zhang

We analyse the minimum quantum resources needed to realise strong non-locality, as exemplified e.g. by the classical GHZ construction. It was already known that no two-qubit system, with any finite number of local measurements, can realise…

Complex numbers are central to the formulation of quantum mechanics, yet their role as a genuine resource is only beginning to be understood. In this work, we demonstrate that quantum states with intrinsically complex amplitudes provide a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Subrata Bera , Indranil Biswas , Atanu Bhunia , Indrani Chattopadhyay , Debasis Sarkar

Apart from the Bell nonlocality, which deals with the correlations generated from the local input-output statistics, quantum theory exhibits another kind of nonlocality that involves the indistiguishability of the locally preparable set of…

A set of multipartite orthogonal product states is locally irreducible, if it is not possible to eliminate one or more states from the set by orthogonality-preserving local measurements. An effective way to prove that a set is locally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-12 Fei Shi , Mao-Sheng Li , Mengyao Hu , Lin Chen , Man-Hong Yung , Yan-Ling Wang , Xiande Zhang

The amount of nonlocality in quantum theory is limited compared to that allowed in generalized no-signaling theory [Found. Phys. 24, 379 (1994)]. This feature, for example, gets manifested in the amount of Bell inequality violation as well…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-31 Subhadipa Das , Manik Banik , Md. Rajjak Gazi , Ashutosh Rai , Samir Kunkri

A set of orthogonal multipartite quantum states are called (distinguishability-based) genuinely nonlocal if they are locally indistinguishable across any bipartition of the subsystems. In this work, we consider the problem of constructing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-31 Zong-Xing Xiong , Yongli Zhang , Mao-Sheng Li , Lvzhou Li

Recently, much attention have been paid to the constructions of nonlocal multipartite orthogonal product states. Among the existing results, some are relatively complex in structure while others have many constraint conditions. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-16 D. H. Jiang , G. B. Xu

Quantum nonlocality without entanglement is a fantastic phenomenon in quantum theory. This kind of quantum nonlocality is based on the task of local discrimination of quantum states. Recently, Bandyopadhyay and Halder [Phys. Rev. A 104,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Mao-Sheng Li , Zhu-Jun Zheng

Recent advancements have expanded Hardy's nonlocality arguments into multisetting and multidimensional systems to enhance quantum correlations. In comparison with Hardy's nonlocal argument, Cabello's nonlocal argument (CNA) emerges as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Ming Yang , Dongkai Zhang , Lixiang Chen

We demonstrate that, in the tripartite scenario with all parties' local events being space-like separated, Hardy-type nonlocality constitutes a stronger manifestation of nonlocal correlations than those captured by Mermin-type inequalities,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Ranendu Adhikary , Souradeep Sasmal , Arup Roy

Local distinguishability of orthogonal product states is an area of active research in quantum information theory. However, most of the relevant results about local distinguishability found in bipartite quantum systems and very few are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Atanu Bhunia , Indrani Chattopadhyay , Debasis Sarkar

Nonlocality without entanglement and its subsequent generalizations offer deep information-theoretic insights and subsequently find several useful applications. Concept of genuinely nonlocal set of product states emerges as a natural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-31 Sumit Rout , Ananda G. Maity , Amit Mukherjee , Saronath Halder , Manik Banik

Hardy's non-locality theorem for multiple two-level systems is explored in the context of generalized nonlocal theory. We find nonlocal but non-signaling probabilities, providing Hardy's nonlocal argument, which are higher than those in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-01 Sujit K. Choudhary , Sibasish Ghosh , Guruprasad Kar , Samir Kunkri , Ramij Rahaman , Anirban Roy

One of the many interesting features of quantum nonlocality is that the states of a multipartite quantum system cannot always be distinguished as well by local measurements as they can when all quantum measurements are allowed. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-14 Somshubhro Bandyopadhyay , Michael Nathanson

The structure of quantum theory assures the discrimination of any possible orthogonal set of states. However, the scenario becomes highly nontrivial in the limited measurement setting and leads to different classes of impossibility, viz.,…

Depending on the way one measures, quantum nonlocality might manifest more visibly. Using basis transformations and interactions on a particle pair, Hardy logically argued that any local hidden variable theory leads to a paradox. Extended…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Duc Minh Tran , Van-Duy Nguyen , Le Bin Ho , Hung Q. Nguyen