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Related papers: Transaction Fee Estimation in the Bitcoin System

200 papers

Machine learning is critical for innovation and efficiency in financial markets, offering predictive models and data-driven decision-making. However, challenges such as missing data, lack of transparency, untimely updates, insecurity, and…

General Economics · Economics 2024-11-27 Jingfeng Chen , Wanlin Deng , Dangxing Chen , Luyao Zhang

Modern blockchains increasingly rely on parallel execution to improve throughput. We show several industry and academic transaction fee mechanisms (TFMs) struggle to simultaneously account for execution parallelism while remaining…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Sarisht Wadhwa , Aviv Yaish , Fan Zhang , Kartik Nayak

Existing fair exchange protocols usually neglect consideration of cost when assessing their fairness. However, in an environment with non-negligible transaction cost, e.g., public blockchains, high or unexpected transaction cost might be an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Matthias Lohr , Kenneth Skiba , Marco Konersmann , Jan Jürjens , Steffen Staab

A transaction fee mechanism (TFM) is an essential component of a blockchain protocol. However, a systematic evaluation of the real-world impact of TFMs is still absent. Using rich data from the Ethereum blockchain, the mempool, and…

General Economics · Economics 2025-08-11 Yulin Liu , Yuxuan Lu , Kartik Nayak , Fan Zhang , Luyao Zhang , Yinhong Zhao

Given the low throughput of blockchains like Bitcoin and Ethereum, scalability - the ability to process an increasing number of transactions - has become a central focus of blockchain research. One promising approach is the parallelization…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Bahar Acilan , Andrei Constantinescu , Lioba Heimbach , Roger Wattenhofer

We study the probabilistic distribution of the confirmation time of Bitcoin transactions, conditional on the current memory pool (i.e., the queue of transactions awaiting confirmation). The results of this paper are particularly interesting…

Performance · Computer Science 2018-10-22 David Koops

EIP-1559 is a proposal to make several tightly coupled additions to Ethereum's transaction fee mechanism, including variable-size blocks and a burned base fee that rises and falls with demand. This report assesses the game-theoretic…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Tim Roughgarden

In recent years, prominent blockchain systems such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have experienced explosive growth in transaction volume, leading to frequent surges in demand for limited block space and causing transaction fees to fluctuate by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Matheus V. X. Ferreira , Daniel J. Moroz , David C. Parkes , Mitchell Stern

In this study, we propose PRETRUST, a new framework to address the problem of the efficiency of payment process based on blockchain systems. PRETRUST is based on the thoughts of consortium chains, supporting fast payments. To make parties…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Huapeng Li , Baocheng Wang

In blockchains such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, users compete in a transaction fee auction to get their transactions confirmed in the next block. A line of recent works set forth the desiderata for a "dream" transaction fee mechanism (TFM),…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Hao Chung , Elaine Shi

In cryptocurrencies, transaction fees are typically exclusively paid in the native platform currency. This restriction causes a wide range of challenges, such as deteriorated user experience, mandatory rent payments by decentralized…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-04-20 István András Seres

Blockchain and blockchain-inspired decentralized applications are on the rise thanks to their unique characteristics such as their decentralized nature, anonymity, and tamper-proof nature; however, blockchain transactions tend to experience…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Yi Lyu

Transaction fee markets are essential components of blockchain economies, as they resolve the inherent scarcity in the number of transactions that can be added to each block. In early blockchain protocols, this scarcity was resolved through…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Stefanos Leonardos , Daniël Reijsbergen , Barnabé Monnot , Georgios Piliouras

In blockchain applications, transaction confirmation is often treated as usability friction to be minimized or removed. However, confirmation also marks the boundary between deliberation and irreversible commitment, suggesting it may play a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Eason Chen , Xinyi Tang , George Digkas , Dionysios Lougaris , John E. Naulty , Kostas Chalkias

In blockchain systems, the design of transaction fee mechanisms is essential for stability and satisfaction for both miners and users. A recent work has proven the impossibility of collusion-proof mechanisms that achieve both non-zero miner…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Xi Chen , David Simchi-Levi , Zishuo Zhao , Yuan Zhou

Off-chain transaction channels represent one of the leading techniques to scale the transaction throughput in cryptocurrencies. However, the economic effect of transaction channels on the system has not been explored much until now. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Simina Brânzei , Erel Segal-Halevi , Aviv Zohar

Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency that features a distributed, decentralized and trustworthy mechanism, which has made Bitcoin a popular global transaction platform. The transaction efficiency among nations and the privacy benefiting from address…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-20 Yu-Jing Lin , Po-Wei Wu , Cheng-Han Hsu , I-Ping Tu , Shih-wei Liao

In this work, we propose to apply a new model fusion and learning paradigm, known as Combinatorial Fusion Analysis (CFA), to the field of Bitcoin price prediction. Price prediction of financial product has always been a big topic in…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-10 Yuanhong Wu , Wei Ye , Jingyan Xu , D. Frank Hsu

Cryptocurrencies employ auction-esque transaction fee mechanisms (TFMs) to allocate transactions to blocks, and to determine how much fees miners can collect from transactions. Several impossibility results show that TFMs that satisfy a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yotam Gafni , Aviv Yaish

We consider the execution of smart contracts on Bitcoin. There, every contract step corresponds to appending to the blockchain a new transaction that spends the output representing the old contract state, creating a new one for the updated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Dario Maddaloni , Riccardo Marchesin , Roberto Zunino