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Deforming fundamental domains of wallpaper groups provides a systematic way to generate non-convex blocks which admit topological interlocking assemblies (TIAs). We use this approach to construct TIAs that fully occupy the space between two…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Meike Weiß , Alice C. Niemeyer

The study of interlocking assemblies is an emerging field with applications in various disciplines. However, to this day, the mathematical treatment of these assemblies has been sparse. In this work, we develop a comprehensive mathematical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-29 Tom Goertzen

In this paper, we present an algorithmic approach to design and construct planar truss structures based on symmetric lattices using modular elements. The method of assembly is similar to Leonardo grids as they both rely on the property of…

Graphics · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Anantha Natarajan , Jiaqi Cui , Ergun Akleman , Vinayak Krishnamurthy

A topological interlocking assembly consists of rigid blocks together with a fixed frame, such that any subset of blocks is kinematically constrained and therefore cannot be removed from the assembly. In this paper we pursue a modular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-06 Reymond Akpanya , Tom Goertzen , Alice C. Niemeyer

Topological Interlocking assemblies are arrangements of blocks kinematically constrained by a fixed frame, such that all rigid body motions of each block are constrained only by its permanent contact with other blocks and the frame. In the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Tom Goertzen , Domen Macek , Lukas Schnelle , Meike Weiß , Stefanie Reese , Hagen Holthusen , Alice C. Niemeyer

Planar ornaments, a.k.a. wallpapers, are regular repetitive patterns which exhibit translational symmetry in two independent directions. There are exactly $17$ distinct planar symmetry groups. We present a fully automatic method for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Venera Adanova , Sibel Tari

Crystallographic tilings of the Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^n$ are defined as simple tilings whose group of isometric automorphisms is crystallographic. To classify crystallographic tilings by their automorphism groups it is necessary to…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-08-30 Hawazin Alzahrani , Thomas Eckl

Self-assembled monolayers of microparticles encoding Archimedean and non-regular tessellations promise unprecedented structure-property relationships for a wide spectrum of applications in fields ranging from optoelectronics to surface…

Topologically interlocked material systems are two-dimensional assemblies of unit elements from which no element can be removed from the assembly without disassembly of the entire system. Consequently, such tile assemblies are able to carry…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-11-16 Andrew Williams , Thomas Siegmund

The number of distinguishable inherent structures of a liquid is the key component to understanding the thermodynamics of glass formers. In the case of hard potential systems such as hard discs, spheres and ellipsoids, an inherent structure…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 S. S. Ashwin , Richard K Bowles

We present structures comprised of identical convex polyhedra which are interlocked geometrically. These sets cannot be disassembled by removing individual polyhedra by translations and/or rotations. The shapes that permit interlocking…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2017-12-05 A. J. Kanel-Belov , A. V. Dyskin , Y. Estrin , E. Pasternak , I. A. Ivanov-Pogodaev

This paper provides a combinatorial characterisation for generic forced symmetric rigidity of bar-joint frameworks in the Euclidean plane that are symmetric with respect to the orientation-reversing wallpaper group…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-21 Jack Esson , Eleftherios Kastis , Bernd Schulze

Recent advances enable the creation of nanoscale building blocks with complex geometries and interaction specificities for self-assembly. This nearly boundless design space necessitates design principles for defining the mutual interactions…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-03-29 Daichi Hayakawa , Thomas E. Videbæk , Gregory M. Grason , W. Benjamin Rogers

Hierarchical self-assembly consisting of local associations of simple building-blocks for the formation of complex structures widely exists in nature, while the essential role of local assembly remains unknown. In this work, by using…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-10-18 Qun-li Lei , Kunn Hadinoto , Ran Ni

A new class of random spatial tessellations is introduced -- the so-called column tessellations of three-dimensional space. The construction is based on a stationary planar tessellation. Each cell of the spatial tessellation is a prism…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-02-20 Ngoc Linh Nguyen , Viola Weiss , Richard Cowan

Crystallographic groups describe the symmetries of crystals and other repetitive structures encountered in nature and the sciences. These groups include the wallpaper and space groups. We derive linear and nonlinear representations of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-09 Ryan P. Adams , Peter Orbanz

Given a finite collection of two-dimensional tile types, the field of study concerned with covering the plane with tiles of these types exclusively has a long history, having enjoyed great prominence in the last six to seven decades. Much…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-12-24 Eduardo J. Aguilar , Valmir C. Barbosa , Raul Donangelo , Sergio R. Souza

Periodic tilings can store information if individual tiles are decorated to lower their symmetry. Truchet tilings - the broad family of space-filling arrangements of such tiles - offer an efficient mechanism of visual data storage related…

Topological crystalline states are short-range entangled states jointly protected by onsite and crystalline symmetries. While the non-interacting limit of these states, e.g., the topological crystalline insulators, have been intensively…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-08-25 Zhida Song , Chen Fang , Yang Qi

A topological interlocking assembly is an arrangement of blocks, where all blocks are kinematically constrained by their neighboring blocks and a fixed frame. This concept has been known for a long time, attracting recent interest due to…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-04 Lukas Schnelle , Meike Weiß , Reymond Akpanya , Kai-Uwe Schröder , Alice C. Niemeyer
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