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As large language models (LLMs) continue to scale, deployment is increasingly bottlenecked by the memory wall, motivating a shift toward extremely low-bit quantization. However, most quantization-aware training (QAT) methods apply hard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Guoan Wang , Feiyu Wang , Zongwei Lv , Yikun Zong , Tong Yang

Network quantization has gained increasing attention with the rapid growth of large pre-trained language models~(PLMs). However, most existing quantization methods for PLMs follow quantization-aware training~(QAT) that requires end-to-end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Haoli Bai , Lu Hou , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Irwin King , Michael R. Lyu

Post-training quantization (PTQ) reduces excessive hardware cost by quantizing full-precision models into lower bit representations on a tiny calibration set, without retraining. Despite the remarkable progress made through recent efforts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Junrui Xiao , Zhikai Li , Lianwei Yang , Yiduo Mei , Qingyi Gu

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has emerged as an effective technique for alleviating the substantial computational and memory overheads of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) by compressing both weights and activations without retraining the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Chenwei Jia , Baoting Li , Xuchong Zhang , Mingzhuo Wei , Bochen Lin , Hongbin Sun

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become an important technique for reducing the inference cost of Large Language Models (LLMs). While recent mixed-precision methods improve ultra-low bit quantization by preserving critical subspaces in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhe Ding , Su Pan , Duowei Pan

State-of-the-art language models (LMs) represented by long-short term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs) and Transformers are becoming increasingly complex and expensive for practical applications. Low-bit neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Junhao Xu , Jianwei Yu , Shoukang Hu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Large language models (LLMs) show impressive performance in solving complex language tasks. However, its large number of parameters presents significant challenges for the deployment. So, compressing LLMs to low bits can enable to deploy on…

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Current mainstream post-training quantization methods for large language models typically apply a uniform quantization strategy across all network layers, overlooking the substantial differences in algorithmic suitability among layers. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Jinhao Zhang , Yunquan Zhang , Daning Chen , JunSun , Zicheng Yan

Recent advances in Large Language Model (LLM) compression, such as quantization and pruning, have achieved notable success. However, as these techniques gradually approach their respective limits, relying on a single method for further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Hang Guo , Yawei Li , Luca Benini

Post-training quantization is essential for deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on resource-constrained devices. However, standard integer quantization (e.g., INT4) fundamentally degrades performance by imposing a uniform grid on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Vladimer Khasia

This work studies post-training parameter quantization in large language models (LLMs). We introduce quantization with incoherence processing (QuIP), a new method based on the insight that quantization benefits from $\textit{incoherent}$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Jerry Chee , Yaohui Cai , Volodymyr Kuleshov , Christopher De Sa

In recent years, compression of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as an important problem to enable language model deployment on resource-constrained devices, reduce computational costs, and mitigate the environmental footprint of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Sean I. Young

Quantization and fine-tuning are crucial for deploying large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained edge devices. However, fine-tuning quantized models presents significant challenges, primarily stemming from: First, the mismatch in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Junyu Chen , Junzhuo Li , Zhen Peng , Wenjie Wang , Yuxiang Ren , Long Shi , Xuming Hu

Quantization and pruning form the foundation of compression for neural networks, enabling efficient inference for large language models (LLMs). Recently, various quantization and pruning techniques have demonstrated remarkable performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Miles Williams , Nikolaos Aletras

Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from catastrophic forgetting in continual learning (CL) scenarios, where performance on previously learned tasks degrades severely while training on sequentially arriving tasks. Although pioneering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Zhiyi Wan , Wanrou Du , Liang Li , Miao Pan , Xiaoqi Qin

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) has received significant attention because it requires only a small set of calibration data to quantize a full-precision model, which is more practical in real-world applications in which full access to a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Cuong Pham , Hoang Anh Dung , Cuong C. Nguyen , Trung Le , Dinh Phung , Gustavo Carneiro , Thanh-Toan Do

Embedding tables are usually huge in click-through rate (CTR) prediction models. To train and deploy the CTR models efficiently and economically, it is necessary to compress their embedding tables at the training stage. To this end, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Shiwei Li , Huifeng Guo , Lu Hou , Wei Zhang , Xing Tang , Ruiming Tang , Rui Zhang , Ruixuan Li

As large language models (LLMs) continue to grow in size and complexity, efficient checkpoint saving\&loading has become crucial for managing storage, memory usage, and fault tolerance in LLM training. The current works do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Yanxin Peng , Qingping Li , Baodong Wu , Shigang Li , Guohao Dai , Shengen Yan , Yu Wang

Generalization abilities of well-trained large language models (LLMs) are known to scale predictably as a function of model size. In contrast to the existence of practical scaling laws governing pre-training, the quality of LLMs after…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zifei Xu , Alexander Lan , Wanzin Yazar , Tristan Webb , Sayeh Sharify , Xin Wang
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