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Analog Compute-in-Memory (CiM) accelerators use analog-digital converters (ADCs) to read the analog values that they compute. ADCs can consume significant energy and area, so architecture-level ADC decisions such as ADC resolution or number…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Tanner Andrulis , Ruicong Chen , Hae-Seung Lee , Joel S. Emer , Vivienne Sze

Analog In-Memory Compute (AIMC) can improve the energy efficiency of Deep Learning by orders of magnitude. Yet analog-domain device and circuit non-idealities -- within the analog ``Tiles'' performing Matrix-Vector Multiply (MVM) operations…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-03 J. Luquin , C. Mackin , S. Ambrogio , A. Chen , F. Baldi , G. Miralles , M. J. Rasch , J. Büchel , M. Lalwani , W. Ponghiran , P. Solomon , H. Tsai , G. W. Burr , P. Narayanan

Resistive crossbars enabling analog In-Memory Computing (IMC) have emerged as a promising architecture for Deep Neural Network (DNN) acceleration, offering high memory bandwidth and in-situ computation. However, the manual,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Deepak Vungarala , Md Hasibul Amin , Pietro Mercati , Arnob Ghosh , Arman Roohi , Ramtin Zand , Shaahin Angizi

Analog In-Memory Computing (AIMC) is an emerging technology for fast and energy-efficient Deep Learning (DL) inference. However, a certain amount of digital post-processing is required to deal with circuit mismatches and non-idealities…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Elena Ferro , Athanasios Vasilopoulos , Corey Lammie , Manuel Le Gallo , Luca Benini , Irem Boybat , Abu Sebastian

Analog in-memory computing (AIMC) is an energy-efficient alternative to digital architectures for accelerating machine learning and signal processing workloads. However, its energy efficiency is limited by the high energy cost of the column…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-16 Mihir Kavishwar , Naresh Shanbhag

The quest for energy-efficient, scalable neuromorphic computing has elevated compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures to the forefront of hardware innovation. While memristive memories have been extensively explored for synaptic implementation…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-20 Kapil Bhardwaj , Ella Paasio , Sayani Majumdar

The massive use of artificial neural networks (ANNs), increasingly popular in many areas of scientific computing, rapidly increases the energy consumption of modern high-performance computing systems. An appealing and possibly more…

Modern edge AI workloads demand maximum energy efficiency, motivating the pursuit of analog Compute-in-Memory (CIM) architectures. Simultaneously, the popularity of Large-Language-Models (LLMs) drives the adoption of low-bit floating-point…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Brian Rojkov , Shubham Ranjan , Derek Wright , Manoj Sachdev

This work discusses memory-immersed collaborative digitization among compute-in-memory (CiM) arrays to minimize the area overheads of a conventional analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for deep learning inference. Thereby, using the proposed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Shamma Nasrin , Maeesha Binte Hashem , Nastaran Darabi , Benjamin Parpillon , Farah Fahim , Wilfred Gomes , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

In-memory computing (IMC) architecture emerges as a promising paradigm, improving the energy efficiency of multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations within DNNs by integrating the parallel computations within the memory arrays. Various…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zeyu Yang , Qingrong Huang , Yu Qian , Kai Ni , Thomas Kämpfe , Xunzhao Yin

Expanding Deep Learning applications toward edge computing demands architectures capable of delivering high computational performance and efficiency while adhering to tight power and memory constraints. Digital In-Memory Computing (DIMC)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tommaso Spagnolo , Cristina Silvano , Riccardo Massa , Filippo Grillotti , Thomas Boesch , Giuseppe Desoli

SRAM-based Analog Compute-in-Memory (ACiM) demonstrates promising energy efficiency for deep neural network (DNN) processing. Nevertheless, efforts to optimize efficiency frequently compromise accuracy, and this trade-off remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Wenlun Zhang , Shimpei Ando , Yung-Chin Chen , Kentaro Yoshioka

In recent years, Compute-in-memory (CiM) architectures have emerged as a promising solution for deep neural network (NN) accelerators. Multiply-accumulate~(MAC) is considered a {\textit de facto} unit operation in NNs. By leveraging the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-05 Dhandeep Challagundla , Ignatius Bezzam , Riadul Islam

In today's data-centric world, where data fuels numerous application domains, with machine learning at the forefront, handling the enormous volume of data efficiently in terms of time and energy presents a formidable challenge. Conventional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Asif Ali Khan , João Paulo C. De Lima , Hamid Farzaneh , Jeronimo Castrillon

Deep learning training involves a large number of operations, which are dominated by high dimensionality Matrix-Vector Multiplies (MVMs). This has motivated hardware accelerators to enhance compute efficiency, but where data movement and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-07 Christopher Grimm , Naveen Verma

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are bio-plausible models that hold great potential for realizing energy-efficient implementations of sequential tasks on resource-constrained edge devices. However, commercial edge platforms based on standard…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Marco Paul E. Apolinario , Adarsh Kumar Kosta , Utkarsh Saxena , Kaushik Roy

This Thesis delves into the development and implementation of quantum algorithms using the digital-analog quantum computing (DAQC) paradigm. It provides a comparative analysis of the performance of DAQC versus traditional digital…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-22 Ana Martin

In-memory computing (IMC) is an emerging non-von Neumann paradigm that leverages the intrinsic physics of memory devices to perform computations directly within the memory array. Among the various candidates, phase-change memory (PCM) has…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-09-29 Davide G. F. Lombardo , Siddharth Gautam , Alberto Ferraris , Manuel Le Gallo , Abu Sebastian , Ghazi Sarwat Syed

The need to repeatedly shuttle around synaptic weight values from memory to processing units has been a key source of energy inefficiency associated with hardware implementation of artificial neural networks. Analog in-memory computing…

As the economic and environmental costs of training and deploying large vision or language models increase dramatically, analog in-memory computing (AIMC) emerges as a promising energy-efficient solution. However, the training perspective,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhaoxian Wu , Quan Xiao , Tayfun Gokmen , Omobayode Fagbohungbe , Tianyi Chen