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We study series invariants for plumbed 3-manifolds and knot complements twisted by a root lattice. Our series recover recent results of Gukov-Pei-Putrov-Vafa, Gukov-Manolescu, Park, and Ri and apply more generally to 3-manifolds which are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Allison H. Moore , Nicola Tarasca

An invariant is introduced for negative definite plumbed $3$-manifolds equipped with a spin$^c$-structure. It unifies and extends two theories with rather different origins and structures. One theory is lattice cohomology, motivated by the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-03-09 Rostislav Akhmechet , Peter K. Johnson , Vyacheslav Krushkal

In this paper we study new invariants $\widehat{Z}_{\boldsymbol{a}}(q)$ attached to plumbed $3$-manifolds that were introduced by Gukov, Pei, Putrov, and Vafa. These remarkable $q$-series at radial limits conjecturally compute WRT…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-07-15 Kathrin Bringmann , Karl Mahlburg , Antun Milas

We introduce an invariant of negative definite plumbed knot complements unifying knot lattice homology, due to Ozsv\'ath, Stipsicz, and Szab\'o, and the BPS $q$-series of Gukov and Manolescu. This invariant is a natural extension of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-03-22 Rostislav Akhmechet , Peter K. Johnson , Sunghyuk Park

Gukov, Pei, Putrov, and Vafa developed a $q$-series invariant of negative definite plumbed $3$-manifolds with spin$^{c}$ structures, building on earlier work of Lawrence and Zagier. This was recently generalized to an an infinite family of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-10-15 Louisa Liles

We propose and in some cases prove a precise relation between 3-manifold invariants associated with quantum groups at roots of unity and at generic $q$. Both types of invariants are labeled by extra data which plays an important role in the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-03-16 Francesco Costantino , Sergei Gukov , Pavel Putrov

We study the minimal $q$-exponent $\Delta$ in the BPS $q$-series $\widehat{Z}$ of negative definite plumbed 3-manifolds equipped with a spin$^{\rm c}$-structure. We express $\Delta$ of Seifert manifolds in terms of an invariant commonly…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-10-28 Shimal Harichurn , András Némethi , Josef Svoboda

We formulate a very general conjecture relating the analytical invariants of a normal surface singularity to the Seiberg-Witten invariants of its link provided that the link is a rational homology sphere. As supporting evidence, we…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-11-11 Andras Nemethi , Liviu I Nicolaescu

We consider the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants or Chern-Simons partition function at or around roots of unity $q=e^{2\pi i \frac{1}{K}}$ with rational level $K=\frac{r}{s}$ where $r$ and $s$ are coprime integers. From the exact…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-01-29 Hee-Joong Chung

We consider a connected negative definite plumbing graph, and we assume that the associated plumbed 3-manifold is a rational homology sphere. We provide two new combinatorial formulae for the Seiberg-Witten invariant of this manifold. The…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-10-07 András Némethi

We study $q$-series-valued invariants of 3-manifolds that depend on the choice of a root system $G$. This is a natural generalization of the earlier works by Gukov-Pei-Putrov-Vafa [arXiv:1701.06567] and Gukov-Manolescu [arXiv:1904.06057]…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-05-26 Sunghyuk Park

We introduce a three variable series invariant $F_K (y,z,q)$ for plumbed knot complements associated with a Lie superalgebra $sl(2|1)$. The invariant is a generalization of the $sl(2|1)$-series invariant $\hat{Z}(q)$ for closed 3-manifolds…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-13 John Chae

We introduce a two-variable refinement $\hat{Z}_a(q,t)$ of plumbed 3-manifold invariants $\hat{Z}_a(q)$, which were previously defined for weakly negative definite plumbed 3-manifolds. We also provide a number of explicit examples in which…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-03-21 Song Jin Ri

Recently a set of $q$-series invariants, labelled by $\operatorname{Spin}^c$ structures, for weakly negative definite plumbed $3$-manifolds called the $\widehat{Z}_a$ invariants were discovered by Gukov, Pei, Putrov and Vafa. The leading…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Shimal Harichurn

We study quantum $q$-series invariants of 3-manifolds $\widehat{Z}_\sigma$ of Gukov-Pei-Putrov-Vafa, using techniques from the theory of normal surface singularities such as splice diagrams. We show that the (suitably normalized) sum of all…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Sergei Gukov , Ludmil Katzarkov , Josef Svoboda

One of the first key examples of a quantum modular form, which unifies the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev (WRT) invariants of the Poincar\'e homology sphere, appears in work of Lawrence and Zagier. We show that the series they construct is one…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Louisa Liles , Eleanor McSpirit

The notion of $q$-deformed lattice gauge theory is introduced. If the deformation parameter is a root of unity, the weak coupling limit of a 3-$d$ partition function gives a topological invariant for a corresponding 3-manifold. It enables…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 D. V. Boulatov

One of the main questions in the theory of normal surface singularities is to understand the relations between their geometry and topology. The lattice cohomology is an important tool in the study of topological properties of a plumbed…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2013-10-15 Tamás László

In this paper, we prove Gukov-Pei-Putrov-Vafa's conjecture that the Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariants are radial limits of homological blocks, which are $ q $-series introduced by them for plumbed $ 3 $-manifolds with negative definite…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-09-04 Yuya Murakami

$\widehat{Z}$ invariants, rigorously defined for negative definite plumbed 3-manifolds, are expected--on physical grounds--to exist for every closed, oriented 3-manifold. Several prescriptions have been proposed to extend their definition…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-18 Shimal Harichurn , Mrunmay Jagadale , Dmitry Noshchenko , Davide Passaro
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