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Recently, 3D generative models have shown promising performances in structure-based drug design by learning to generate ligands given target binding sites. However, only modeling the target-ligand distribution can hardly fulfill one of the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-22 Xiangxin Zhou , Xiwei Cheng , Yuwei Yang , Yu Bao , Liang Wang , Quanquan Gu

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) aims to design small-molecule ligands that bind with high affinity and specificity to pre-determined protein targets. Generative SBDD methods leverage structural data of drugs in complex with their protein…

Designing 3D ligands within a target binding site is a fundamental task in drug discovery. Existing structured-based drug design methods treat all ligand atoms equally, which ignores different roles of atoms in the ligand for drug design…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-03-14 Jiaqi Guan , Xiangxin Zhou , Yuwei Yang , Yu Bao , Jian Peng , Jianzhu Ma , Qiang Liu , Liang Wang , Quanquan Gu

Structure-based drug design involves finding ligand molecules that exhibit structural and chemical complementarity to protein pockets. Deep generative methods have shown promise in proposing novel molecules from scratch (de-novo design),…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2021-11-09 Pavol Drotár , Arian Rokkum Jamasb , Ben Day , Cătălina Cangea , Pietro Liò

Deep generative diffusion models are a promising avenue for 3D de novo molecular design in materials science and drug discovery. However, their utility is still limited by suboptimal performance on large molecular structures and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Tuan Le , Julian Cremer , Frank Noé , Djork-Arné Clevert , Kristof Schütt

Deep generative models are rapidly advancing structure-based drug design, offering substantial promise for generating small molecule ligands that bind to specific protein targets. However, most current approaches assume a rigid protein…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-19 Xinzhe Zheng , Shiyu Jiang , Gustavo Seabra , Chenglong Li , Yanjun Li

Generating molecules that bind to specific protein targets via diffusion models has shown good promise for structure-based drug design and molecule optimization. Especially, the diffusion models with binding interaction guidance enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Anjie Qiao , Hao Zhang , Qianmu Yuan , Qirui Deng , Jingtian Su , Weifeng Huang , Huihao Zhou , Guo-Bo Li , Zhen Wang , Jinping Lei

De novo design of bioactive drug molecules with potential to treat desired biological targets is a profound task in the drug discovery process. Existing approaches tend to leverage the pocket structure of the target protein to condition the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-01-28 Conghao Wang , Jagath C. Rajapakse

Ligand-based drug design aims to identify novel drug candidates of similar shapes with known active molecules. In this paper, we formulated an in silico shape-conditioned molecule generation problem to generate 3D molecule structures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Ziqi Chen , Bo Peng , Srinivasan Parthasarathy , Xia Ning

Drug discovery is a highly complicated process, and it is unfeasible to fully commit it to the recently developed molecular generation methods. Deep learning-based lead optimization takes expert knowledge as a starting point, learning from…

Fragment-based drug discovery has been an effective paradigm in early-stage drug development. An open challenge in this area is designing linkers between disconnected molecular fragments of interest to obtain chemically-relevant candidate…

The dynamic nature of proteins, influenced by ligand interactions, is essential for comprehending protein function and progressing drug discovery. Traditional structure-based drug design (SBDD) approaches typically target binding sites with…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-07 Xiangxin Zhou , Yi Xiao , Haowei Lin , Xinheng He , Jiaqi Guan , Yang Wang , Qiang Liu , Feng Zhou , Liang Wang , Jianzhu Ma

Biologists frequently desire protein inhibitors for a variety of reasons, including use as research tools for understanding biological processes and application to societal problems in agriculture, healthcare, etc. Immunotherapy, for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Po-Yu Liang , Jun Bai

Molecular optimization, aimed at improving binding affinity or other molecular properties, is a crucial task in drug discovery that often relies on the expertise of medicinal chemists. Recently, deep learning-based 3D generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Anjie Qiao , Junjie Xie , Weifeng Huang , Hao Zhang , Jiahua Rao , Shuangjia Zheng , Yuedong Yang , Zhen Wang , Guo-Bo Li , Jinping Lei

Developing bioactive molecules remains a central, time- and cost-heavy challenge in drug discovery, particularly for novel targets lacking structural or functional data. Pharmacophore modeling presents an alternative for capturing the key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Amira Alakhdar , Barnabas Poczos , Newell Washburn

Deep generative models have achieved tremendous success in designing novel drug molecules in recent years. A new thread of works have shown the great potential in advancing the specificity and success rate of in silico drug design by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xingang Peng , Shitong Luo , Jiaqi Guan , Qi Xie , Jian Peng , Jianzhu Ma

We present FLOWR.root, an SE(3)-equivariant flow-matching model for pocket-aware 3D ligand generation with joint potency and binding affinity prediction and confidence estimation. The model supports de novo generation, interaction- and…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-26 Julian Cremer , Tuan Le , Mohammad M. Ghahremanpour , Emilia Sługocka , Filipe Menezes , Djork-Arné Clevert

Shape-based virtual screening is widely employed in ligand-based drug design to search chemical libraries for molecules with similar 3D shapes yet novel 2D chemical structures compared to known ligands. 3D deep generative models have the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Keir Adams , Connor W. Coley

We introduce FLOWR, a novel structure-based framework for the generation and optimization of three-dimensional ligands. FLOWR integrates continuous and categorical flow matching with equivariant optimal transport, enhanced by an efficient…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-14 Julian Cremer , Ross Irwin , Alessandro Tibo , Jon Paul Janet , Simon Olsson , Djork-Arné Clevert

Proteins perform their biological functions through three-dimensional structures encoded by amino acid sequences, and ligand-binding protein co-design requires models that generate sequence-structure compatible proteins under explicit…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-28 Chen Wei , Fanding Xu , Minghao Sun , Zhiyuan Liu , Lin Wang , Tianrui Jia , Yihang Zhou , Yang Zhang
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