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In this paper, we define a class of auxiliary graphs associated with simple undirected graphs. This class of auxiliary graphs is based on the set of spanning trees of the original graph and the edges constituting those spanning trees. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-26 Abhishek Garg , Mahipal Jadeja , Rahul Muthu

In recent work, the authors developed a simple method of constructing topological spaces from certain well-behaved partially ordered sets -- those coming from sequences of relations between finite sets. This method associates a given poset…

General Topology · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Adam Bartoš , Tristan Bice , Alessandro Vignati

We introduce and study embeddings of graphs in finite projective planes, and present related results for some families of graphs including complete graphs and complete bipartite graphs. We also make connections between embeddings of graphs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-10-02 Keith Mellinger , Ryan Vaughn , Oscar Vega

We show that the topological space of any infinite graph and its ends is normal. In particular, end spaces themselves are normal.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-11-23 Philipp Sprüssel

This survey/expository article covers a variety of topics related to the "topology at infinity" of noncompact manifolds and complexes. In manifold topology and geometric group theory, the most important noncompact spaces are often…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-03-02 Craig R. Guilbault

In infinite graph theory, the notion of ends, first introduced by Freudenthal and Jung for locally finite graphs, plays an important role when generalizing statements from finite graphs to infinite ones. Nash-Willian's Tree-Packing Theorem…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-30 Leandro Fiorini Aurichi , Lucas Real

We introduce a homotopy theory of digraphs (directed graphs) and prove its basic properties, including the relations to the homology theory of digraphs constructed by the authors in previous papers. In particular, we prove the homotopy…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2014-07-02 Alexander Grigor'yan , Yong Lin , Yuri Muranov , Shing-Tung Yau

We define a notion of (one-sided) shift spaces over infinite alphabets. Unlike many previous approaches to shift spaces over countable alphabets, our shift spaces are compact Hausdorff spaces. We examine shift morphisms between these shift…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2013-07-03 William Ott , Mark Tomforde , Paulette Willis

In mathematics and computer science, connectivity is one of the basic concepts of matroid theory: it asks for the minimum number of elements which need to be removed to disconnect the remaining nodes from each other. It is closely related…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-11-06 Bin Yang , William Zhu

Diestel and K\"uhn proved that the topological ends of an infinite graph are precisely its undominated graph ends, yielding a canonical embedding of the space of topological ends into the space of graph ends. For edge-ends, introduced by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Leandro Aurichi , Paulo Magalhães Júnior , Guilherme Eduardo Pinto

In this short note we make a few remarks on a class of generalized incidence matrices whose matroids do not depend on the orientation of the underlying graph and natural commutative algebras associated to such matrices.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-14 Boris Shapiro , Arkady Vaintrob

Tree-graded spaces are a generalization of $\mathbb{R}$-trees and play an important role in describing the large-scale geometry of relatively hyperbolic groups. We consider a subclass of tree-graded spaces that we call "disjointly…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-03-10 Jeremy Brazas , Curtis Kent

This report is an improvement of a prior report (Report 813). It sharpens the principal theorems (Theorems 4.2 and 11.2 of Report 813) while simplifying their proofs. There are also several minor changes involving clarifications and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. H. Zemanian

Arboreal networks are a generalization of rooted trees, defined by keeping the tree-like structure, but dropping the requirement for a single root. Just as the class of cographs is precisely the class of undirected graphs that can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-13 Guillaume E. Scholz

We study varieties associated to hypergraphs from the point of view of projective geometry and matroid theory. We describe their decompositions into matroid varieties, which may be reducible and can have arbitrary singularities by the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-18 Oliver Clarke , Kevin Grace , Fatemeh Mohammadi , Harshit J Motwani

In this paper we further develop the theory of one sided shift spaces over infinite alphabets, characterizing one-step shifts as edge shifts of ultragraphs and partially answering a conjecture regarding shifts of finite type (we show that…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-10-19 Daniel Gonçalves , Danilo Royer

An infinite matroid is graphic if all of its finite minors are graphic and the intersection of any circuit with any cocircuit is finite. We show that a matroid is graphic if and only if it can be represented by a graph-like topological…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-17 Nathan Bowler , Johannes Carmesin , Robin Christian

In this paper, we investigate normal trees of directed graphs, which extend the fundamental concept of normal trees of undirected graphs. We prove that a directed graph $D$ has a normal spanning tree if and only if the topological space…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Florian Reich

Graph theoretical ideas are highly utilized by computer science fields especially data mining. In this field, a data structure can be designed in the form of tree. Covering is a widely used form of data representation in data mining and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-03-05 Aiping Huang , William Zhu

We prove a general duality theorem for tangle-like dense objects in combinatorial structures such as graphs and matroids. This paper continues, and assumes familiarity with, the theory developed in [6]

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-06-17 Reinhard Diestel , Sang-il Oum