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The latest industrial inference engines, such as FasterTransformer and TurboTransformers, have verified that half-precision floating point (FP16) and 8-bit integer (INT8) quantization can greatly improve model inference speed. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Rong Tian , Zijing Zhao , Weijie Liu , Haoyan Liu , Weiquan Mao , Zhe Zhao , Kan Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) have proven to be very superior to conventional methods in various tasks. However, their expensive computations and high memory requirements are prohibitive for deployment. Model quantization is an effective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Hanlin Tang , Yifu Sun , Decheng Wu , Kai Liu , Jianchen Zhu , Zhanhui Kang

Existing post-training quantization methods for large language models (LLMs) offer remarkable success. However, the increasingly marginal performance gains suggest that existing quantization strategies are insufficient to support the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jiaqi Zhao , Miao Zhang , Deng Xiang , Ming Li , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie

Catastrophic forgetting poses a fundamental challenge in continual learning, particularly when models are quantized for deployment efficiency. We systematically investigate the interplay between quantization precision (FP16, INT8, INT4) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Michael S. Zhang , Rishi A. Ruia , Arnav Kewalram , Saathvik Dharmapuram , Utkarsh Sharma , Kevin Zhu

The size of a model has been a strong predictor of its quality, as well as its cost. As such, the trade-off between model cost and quality has been well-studied. Post-training optimizations like quantization and pruning have typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Giuseppe Franco , Pablo Monteagudo-Lago , Ian Colbert , Nicholas Fraser , Michaela Blott

Large Language Models (LLMs) from the GPT family have become extremely popular, leading to a race towards reducing their inference costs to allow for efficient local computation. Yet, the vast majority of existing work focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Saleh Ashkboos , Ilia Markov , Elias Frantar , Tingxuan Zhong , Xincheng Wang , Jie Ren , Torsten Hoefler , Dan Alistarh

Recent years have witnessed the emergence of textual commonsense knowledge bases, aimed at providing more nuanced and context-rich knowledge. The integration of external commonsense into language models has been shown to be a key enabler in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Wanyun Cui , Xingran Chen

Current inference scaling methods, such as Self-consistency and Best-of-N, have proven effective in improving the accuracy of LLMs on complex reasoning tasks. However, these methods rely heavily on the quality of candidate responses and are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Bohan Zhang , Xiaokang Zhang , Jing Zhang , Jifan Yu , Sijia Luo , Jie Tang

QLoRA reduces the memory-cost of fine-tuning a large language model (LLM) with LoRA by quantizing the base LLM. However, quantization introduces quantization errors that negatively impact model performance after fine-tuning. In this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Neal Lawton , Aishwarya Padmakumar , Judith Gaspers , Jack FitzGerald , Anoop Kumar , Greg Ver Steeg , Aram Galstyan

With the commercialization of large language models (LLMs), weight-activation quantization has emerged to compress and accelerate LLMs, achieving high throughput while reducing inference costs. However, existing post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Jung Hyun Lee , Jeonghoon Kim , June Yong Yang , Se Jung Kwon , Eunho Yang , Kang Min Yoo , Dongsoo Lee

Quantization effectively reduces the serving costs of Large Language Models (LLMs) by speeding up data movement through compressed parameters and enabling faster operations via integer arithmetic. However, activating integer arithmetic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Patrik Czakó , Gábor Kertész , Sándor Szénási

Finetuning language models on a collection of datasets phrased as instructions has been shown to improve model performance and generalization to unseen tasks. In this paper we explore instruction finetuning with a particular focus on (1)…

The LoRA-finetuning quantization of LLMs has been extensively studied to obtain accurate yet compact LLMs for deployment on resource-constrained hardware. However, existing methods cause the quantized LLM to severely degrade and even fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Haotong Qin , Xudong Ma , Xingyu Zheng , Xiaoyang Li , Yang Zhang , Shouda Liu , Jie Luo , Xianglong Liu , Michele Magno

The quantization of large language models (LLMs) is crucial for deploying them on devices with limited computational resources. While advanced quantization algorithms offer improved performance compared to the basic linear quantization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Jaewoo Song , Fangzhen Lin

Quantization methods reduce the number of bits required to represent each parameter in a model, trading accuracy for smaller memory footprints and inference latencies. However, the final model size depends on both the number of parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Tim Dettmers , Luke Zettlemoyer

Enabling LLMs to improve their outputs by using more test-time computation is a critical step towards building generally self-improving agents that can operate on open-ended natural language. In this paper, we study the scaling of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Charlie Snell , Jaehoon Lee , Kelvin Xu , Aviral Kumar

Improving the deployment efficiency of transformer-based language models has been challenging given their high computation and memory cost. While INT8 quantization has recently been shown to be effective in reducing both the memory cost and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Xiaoxia Wu , Cheng Li , Reza Yazdani Aminabadi , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He

Scale is often attributed as one of the factors that cause an increase in the performance of LLMs, resulting in models with billion and trillion parameters. One of the limitations of such large models is the high computational requirements…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Sher Badshah , Hassan Sajjad

Recent advancements have demonstrated that the performance of large language models (LLMs) can be significantly enhanced by scaling computational resources at test time. A common strategy involves generating multiple Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Daniele Paliotta , Junxiong Wang , Matteo Pagliardini , Kevin Y. Li , Aviv Bick , J. Zico Kolter , Albert Gu , François Fleuret , Tri Dao

Neural networks are very popular in many areas, but great computing complexity makes it hard to run neural networks on devices with limited resources. To address this problem, quantization methods are used to reduce model size and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Qingyu Guo , Yuan Wang , Xiaoxin Cui
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