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Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance in information retrieval tasks like passage ranking. Our research examines how instruction-following capabilities in LLMs interact with multi-document comparison tasks,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yaoyao Qian , Yifan Zeng , Yuchao Jiang , Chelsi Jain , Huazheng Wang

Listwise reranking utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) has achieved state-of-the-art retrieval effectiveness. Recently, reasoning-enhanced models have further pushed these boundaries by employing Chain-of-Thought (CoT) to perform deep…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Danyang Liu , Kan Li

Utilizing large language models (LLMs) to rank a set of items has become a common approach in recommendation and retrieval systems. Typically, these systems focus on ordering a substantial number of documents in a monotonic order based on a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

In-context Ranking (ICR) is an emerging paradigm for Information Retrieval (IR), which leverages contextual understanding of LLMs by directly incorporating the task description, candidate documents, and the query into the model's input…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Nilesh Gupta , Chong You , Srinadh Bhojanapalli , Sanjiv Kumar , Inderjit Dhillon , Felix Yu

Fast and high quality document clustering is an important task in organizing information, search engine results obtaining from user query, enhancing web crawling and information retrieval. With the large amount of data available and with a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-03-11 Alok Ranjan , Harish Verma , Eatesh Kandpal , Joydip Dhar

Determining which legal cases are relevant to a given query involves navigating lengthy texts and applying nuanced legal reasoning. Traditionally, this task has demanded significant time and domain expertise to identify key Legal Facts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Shengjie Ma , Qi Chu , Jiaxin Mao , Xuhui Jiang , Haozhe Duan , Chong Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are currently applied to scientific paper evaluation by assigning an absolute score to each paper independently. However, since score scales vary across conferences, time periods, and evaluation criteria, models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Pujun Zheng , Jiacheng Yao , Jinquan Zheng , Chenyang Gu , Guoxiu He , Jiawei Liu , Yong Huang , Tianrui Guo , Wei Lu

Reranking, the process of refining the output from a first-stage retriever, is often considered computationally expensive, especially when using Large Language Models (LLMs). A common approach to mitigate this cost involves utilizing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Hervé Déjean , Stéphane Clinchant

Document reranking is a key component in information retrieval (IR), aimed at refining initial retrieval results to improve ranking quality for downstream tasks. Recent studies--motivated by large reasoning models (LRMs)--have begun…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Xuan Lu , Haohang Huang , Rui Meng , Yaohui Jin , Wenjun Zeng , Xiaoyu Shen

While in a classification or a regression setting a label or a value is assigned to each individual document, in a ranking setting we determine the relevance ordering of the entire input document list. This difference leads to the notion of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Qingyao Ai , Xuanhui Wang , Sebastian Bruch , Nadav Golbandi , Michael Bendersky , Marc Najork

We study ranked list truncation (RLT) from a novel "retrieve-then-re-rank" perspective, where we optimize re-ranking by truncating the retrieved list (i.e., trim re-ranking candidates). RLT is crucial for re-ranking as it can improve…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Chuan Meng , Negar Arabzadeh , Arian Askari , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Maarten de Rijke

The limited context window of contemporary large language models (LLMs) remains a primary bottleneck for their broader application across diverse domains. Although continual pre-training on long-context data offers a straightforward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Wei Han , Pan Zhou , Soujanya Poria , Shuicheng Yan

Recommender systems are tasked to infer users' evolving preferences and rank items aligned with their intents, which calls for in-depth reasoning beyond pattern-based scoring. Recent efforts start to leverage large language models (LLMs)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Kehan Zheng , Deyao Hong , Qian Li , Jun Zhang , Huan Yu , Jie Jiang , Hongning Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) can exhibit considerable variation in the quality of their sampled outputs. Reranking and selecting the best generation from the sampled set is a popular way of obtaining strong gains in generation quality. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Siddhartha Jain , Xiaofei Ma , Anoop Deoras , Bing Xiang

Re-ranking plays a crucial role in modern information search systems by refining the ranking of initial search results to better satisfy user information needs. However, existing methods show two notable limitations in improving user search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Zihao Guo , Ligang Zhou , Zeyang Tang , Feicheng Li , Ying Nie , Zhiming Peng , Qingyun Sun , Jianxin Li

In an Information Retrieval (IR) system, reranking plays a critical role by sorting candidate passages according to their relevance to a specific query. This process demands a nuanced understanding of the variations among passages linked to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Can Jin , Hongwu Peng , Anxiang Zhang , Nuo Chen , Jiahui Zhao , Xi Xie , Kuangzheng Li , Shuya Feng , Kai Zhong , Caiwen Ding , Dimitris N. Metaxas

The effective training and evaluation of retrieval systems require a substantial amount of relevance judgments, which are traditionally collected from human assessors -- a process that is both costly and time-consuming. Large Language…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Hossein A. Rahmani , Emine Yilmaz , Nick Craswell , Bhaskar Mitra

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have proven to be effective for document re-ranking task. However, they lack the ability to fully interpret the semantics of biomedical and health-care queries and often rely on simplistic patterns for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Deepak Gupta , Dina Demner-Fushman

Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods have been extensively utilized in Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve the down-streaming tasks without the cost of fine-tuing the whole LLMs. Recent studies have shown how to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Zhiyuan Peng , Xuyang Wu , Qifan Wang , Sravanthi Rajanala , Yi Fang

Recent advancements have successfully harnessed the power of Large Language Models (LLMs) for zero-shot document ranking, exploring a variety of prompting strategies. Comparative approaches like pairwise and listwise achieve high…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Kehan Long , Shasha Li , Chen Xu , Jintao Tang , Ting Wang