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Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a promising cryptographic primitive for realizing private neural network inference (PI) services by allowing a client to fully offload the inference task to a cloud server while keeping the client data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jae Hyung Ju , Jaiyoung Park , Jongmin Kim , Minsik Kang , Donghwan Kim , Jung Hee Cheon , Jung Ho Ahn

The need for privacy-preserving analytics is higher than ever due to the severity of privacy risks and to comply with new privacy regulations leading to an amplified interest in privacy-preserving techniques that try to balance between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Ahmad Al Badawi , Luong Hoang , Chan Fook Mun , Kim Laine , Khin Mi Mi Aung

With the increasing demands for privacy protection, many privacy-preserving machine learning systems were proposed in recent years. However, most of them cannot be put into production due to their slow training and inference speed caused by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Fei Zheng

Privacy has rapidly become a major concern/design consideration. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) and Garbled Circuits (GC) are privacy-preserving techniques that support computations on encrypted data. HE and GC can complement each other, as HE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Haoran Geng , Jianqiao Mo , Dayane Reis , Jonathan Takeshita , Taeho Jung , Brandon Reagen , Michael Niemier , Xiaobo Sharon Hu

The growing popularity of cloud-based machine learning raises a natural question about the privacy guarantees that can be provided in such a setting. Our work tackles this problem in the context where a client wishes to classify private…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-18 Chiraag Juvekar , Vinod Vaikuntanathan , Anantha Chandrakasan

By replacing standard non-linearities with polynomial activations, Polynomial Neural Networks (PNNs) are pivotal for applications such as privacy-preserving inference via Homomorphic Encryption (HE). However, training PNNs effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Forsad Al Hossain , Tauhidur Rahman

Recently, Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) including the ResNet-20 architecture have been privately evaluated on encrypted, low-resolution data with the Residue-Number-System Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song (RNS-CKKS) homomorphic encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Vivian Maloney , Richard F. Obrecht , Vikram Saraph , Prathibha Rama , Kate Tallaksen

Modern cryptographic methods for implementing privacy-preserving LLMs such as \gls{HE} require the LLMs to have a polynomial form. Forming such a representation is challenging because transformers include non-polynomial components, such as…

Two-party computation (2PC) is promising to enable privacy-preserving deep learning (DL). However, the 2PC-based privacy-preserving DL implementation comes with high comparison protocol overhead from the non-linear operators. This work…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-28 Hongwu Peng , Shanglin Zhou , Yukui Luo , Nuo Xu , Shijin Duan , Ran Ran , Jiahui Zhao , Chenghong Wang , Tong Geng , Wujie Wen , Xiaolin Xu , Caiwen Ding

With the increased usage of AI accelerators on mobile and edge devices, on-device machine learning (ML) is gaining popularity. Thousands of proprietary ML models are being deployed today on billions of untrusted devices. This raises serious…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Zhichuang Sun , Ruimin Sun , Changming Liu , Amrita Roy Chowdhury , Long Lu , Somesh Jha

It is increasingly important to enable privacy-preserving inference for cloud services based on Transformers. Post-quantum cryptographic techniques, e.g., fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), and multi-party computation (MPC), are popular…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Mengxin Zheng , Qian Lou , Lei Jiang

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have enabled significant performance leaps in medical image classification tasks. However, translating neural network models for clinical applications remains challenging due to data privacy issues.…

This paper presents a hardware-efficient deep neural network (DNN), optimized through hardware-aware neural architecture search (HW-NAS); the DNN supports the classification of session-level encrypted traffic on resource-constrained…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Adel Chehade , Edoardo Ragusa , Paolo Gastaldo , Rodolfo Zunino

This paper introduces efficient modifications to neural network-based sequence processing approaches, laying new grounds for scalable privacy-preserving machine learning under Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). Transformers are now…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Rickard Brännvall , Tony Zhang , Henrik Forsgren , Andrei Stoian , Fredrik Sandin , Marcus Liwicki

Large-scale deep neural networks (DNNs) are both compute and memory intensive. As the size of DNNs continues to grow, it is critical to improve the energy efficiency and performance while maintaining accuracy. For DNNs, the model size is an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Caiwen Ding , Siyu Liao , Yanzhi Wang , Zhe Li , Ning Liu , Youwei Zhuo , Chao Wang , Xuehai Qian , Yu Bai , Geng Yuan , Xiaolong Ma , Yipeng Zhang , Jian Tang , Qinru Qiu , Xue Lin , Bo Yuan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various graph-based learning tasks. However, enabling privacy-preserving GNNs in encrypted domains, such as under Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE), typically…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Kaixiang Zhao , Joseph Yousry Attalla , Qian Lou , Yushun Dong

The widespread adoption of Machine Learning as a Service raises critical privacy and security concerns, particularly about data confidentiality and trust in both cloud providers and the machine learning models. Homomorphic Encryption (HE)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nges Brian Njungle , Eric Jahns , Michel A. Kinsy

Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a promising technique used for privacy-preserving computation. Since HE schemes only support primitive polynomial operations, homomorphic evaluation of polynomial approximations for non-polynomial functions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-27 John Chiang

There is a growing trend to outsource the inference task of large transformer models to cloud servers. However, this poses a severe threat to users' private data as they are exposed to cloud servers after uploading. Although several works…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Weize Wang , Yi Kuang

Machine Learning (ML) has become one of the most impactful fields of data science in recent years. However, a significant concern with ML is its privacy risks due to rising attacks against ML models. Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Khoa Nguyen , Mindaugas Budzys , Eugene Frimpong , Tanveer Khan , Antonis Michalas