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The memory challenges associated with training Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a critical concern, particularly when using the Adam optimizer. To address this issue, numerous memory-efficient techniques have been proposed, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Yiming Chen , Yuan Zhang , Yin Liu , Kun Yuan , Zaiwen Wen

Training reinforcement learning (RL) policies for legged locomotion often requires extensive environment interactions, which are costly and time-consuming. We propose Symmetry-Guided Memory Augmentation (SGMA), a framework that improves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Kaixi Bao , Chenhao Li , Yarden As , Andreas Krause , Marco Hutter

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become the leading Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method for Large Language Models (LLMs), as it significantly reduces GPU memory usage while maintaining competitive fine-tuned model quality on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhanda Zhu , Qidong Su , Yaoyao Ding , Kevin Song , Shang Wang , Gennady Pekhimenko

Large Language Models have shown remarkable capabilities in the NLP domain. Their effectiveness can mainly be attributed to their ability to adapt to an array of downstream tasks. However, generally, full fine-tuning is a computationally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Harsh Bihany , Shubham Patel , Ashutosh Modi

Recently, pre-trained model and efficient parameter tuning have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing and high-level computer vision with the aid of masked modeling and prompt tuning. In low-level computer vision,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Donwon Park , Hayeon Kim , Se Young Chun

Training large transformer models is one of the most important computational challenges of modern AI. In this paper, we show how to significantly accelerate training of large transformer models by reducing activation recomputation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Vijay Korthikanti , Jared Casper , Sangkug Lym , Lawrence McAfee , Michael Andersch , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bryan Catanzaro

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used but expensive to run, especially as inference workloads grow. To lower costs, maximizing the request batch size by managing GPU memory efficiently is crucial. While PagedAttention has recently…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Chen Zhang , Kuntai Du , Shu Liu , Woosuk Kwon , Xiangxi Mo , Yufeng Wang , Xiaoxuan Liu , Kaichao You , Zhuohan Li , Mingsheng Long , Jidong Zhai , Joseph Gonzalez , Ion Stoica

DLRM is a state-of-the-art recommendation system model that has gained widespread adoption across various industry applications. The large size of DLRM models, however, necessitates the use of multiple devices/GPUs for efficient training. A…

While post-training model compression can greatly reduce the inference cost of a deep neural network, uncompressed training still consumes a huge amount of hardware resources, run-time and energy. It is highly desirable to directly train a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Cole Hawkins , Xing Liu , Zheng Zhang

In recent years, large pre-trained Transformer-based language models have led to dramatic improvements in many natural language understanding tasks. To train these models with increasing sizes, many neural network practitioners attempt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Minjia Zhang , Niranjan Uma Naresh , Yuxiong He

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), especially Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), has emerged as a promising approach to fine-tuning large language models(LLMs) while reducing computational and memory overhead. However, LoRA assumes a uniform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Hao Zhang , Zhenjia Li , Runfeng Bao , Yifan Gao , Xi Xiao , Heng Zhang , Shuyang Zhang , Bo Huang , Yuhang Wu , Tianyang Wang , Hao Xu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with parameter-efficient techniques such as LoRA and QLoRA has enabled adaptation of foundation models on modest hardware. Yet the efficiency of such training on consumer-grade GPUs, especially under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 MSR Avinash

LoRA is a technique that reduces the number of trainable parameters in a neural network by introducing low-rank adapters to linear layers. This technique is used both for fine-tuning and full training of large language models. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Daria Cherniuk , Aleksandr Mikhalev , Ivan Oseledets

In this thesis, we introduce Greenformers, a collection of model efficiency methods to improve the model efficiency of the recently renowned transformer models with a low-rank approximation approach. The development trend of deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-25 Samuel Cahyawijaya

Convolution is one of the fundamental operations of deep neural networks with demanding matrix computation. In a graphic processing unit (GPU), Tensor Core is a specialized matrix processing hardware equipped with reduced-precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Junkyeong Choi , Hyucksung Kwon , Woongkyu Lee , Jungwook Choi , Jieun Lim

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs), the demand for high-performance LLM inference services continues to grow. To meet this demand, a growing number of AI accelerators have been proposed, such as Google TPU, Huawei…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Tianhao Zhu , Dahu Feng , Erhu Feng , Yubin Xia

Recent research explores optimization using large language models (LLMs) by either iteratively seeking next-step solutions from LLMs or directly prompting LLMs for an optimizer. However, these approaches exhibit inherent limitations,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-06 Zeyuan Ma , Hongshu Guo , Jiacheng Chen , Guojun Peng , Zhiguang Cao , Yining Ma , Yue-Jiao Gong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in general-purpose code generation. However, generating the code which is deeply hardware-specific, architecture-aware, and performance-critical, especially for massively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Wentao Chen , Jiace Zhu , Qi Fan , Yehan Ma , An Zou

Gene transformer models such as Nucleotide Transformer, DNABert, and LOGO are trained to learn optimal gene sequence representations by using the Masked Language Modeling (MLM) training objective over the complete Human Reference Genome.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Soumyadeep Roy , Shamik Sural , Niloy Ganguly

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used across various domains, processing millions of daily requests. This surge in demand poses significant challenges in optimizing throughput and latency while keeping costs manageable. The Key-Value…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Jiale Xu , Rui Zhang , Cong Guo , Weiming Hu , Zihan Liu , Feiyang Wu , Yu Feng , Shixuan Sun , Changxu Shao , Yuhong Guo , Junping Zhao , Ke Zhang , Minyi Guo , Jingwen Leng
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