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Spiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by the spiking behavior of biological neurons, provide a unique pathway for capturing the intricacies of temporal data. However, applying SNNs to time-series forecasting is challenging due to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Changze Lv , Yansen Wang , Dongqi Han , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Dongsheng Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) compute in an event-based matter to achieve a more efficient computation than standard Neural Networks. In SNNs, neuronal outputs (i.e. activations) are not encoded with real-valued activations but with…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Jan Sommer , M. Akif Özkan , Oliver Keszocze , Jürgen Teich

The computational inefficiency of spiking neural networks (SNNs) is primarily due to the sequential updates of membrane potential, which becomes more pronounced during extended encoding periods compared to artificial neural networks (ANNs).…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Hanqi Chen , Lixing Yu , Shaojie Zhan , Penghui Yao , Jiankun Shao

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are biologically inspired machine learning models that build on dynamic neuronal models processing binary and sparse spiking signals in an event-driven, online, fashion. SNNs can be implemented on neuromorphic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Hyeryung Jang , Nicolas Skatchkovsky , Osvaldo Simeone

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) represent the latest generation of neural computation, offering a brain-inspired alternative to conventional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Unlike ANNs, which depend on continuous-valued signals, SNNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Sales G. Aribe

Machine learning with artificial neural networks (ANNs), provides solutions for the growing complexity of modern communication systems. This complexity, however, increases power consumption, making the systems energy-intensive. Spiking…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-26 Eike-Manuel Edelmann

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) recently gained momentum due to their low-power multiplication-free computing and the closer resemblance of biological processes in the nervous system of humans. However, SNNs require very long spike trains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Daniel Gerlinghoff , Zhehui Wang , Xiaozhe Gu , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Tao Luo

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer both compelling potential advantages, including energy efficiency and low latencies and challenges including the non-differentiable nature of event spikes. Much of the initial research in this area has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Somayeh Hussaini , Michael Milford , Tobias Fischer

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are distributed trainable systems whose computing elements, or neurons, are characterized by internal analog dynamics and by digital and sparse synaptic communications. The sparsity of the synaptic spiking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Hyeryung Jang , Osvaldo Simeone , Brian Gardner , André Grüning

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are receiving increased attention because they mimic synaptic connections in biological systems and produce spike trains, which can be approximated by binary values for computational efficiency. Recently, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Nathan Lutes , Venkata Sriram Siddhardh Nadendla , K. Krishnamurthy

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are highly energy-efficient due to event-driven, sparse computation, but their training is challenged by spike non-differentiability and trade-offs among performance, efficiency, and biological plausibility.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Zihan Huang , Zijie Xu , Yihan Huang , Shanshan Jia , Tong Bu , Yiting Dong , Wenxuan Liu , Jianhao Ding , Zhaofei Yu , Tiejun Huang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have closer dynamics to the brain than current deep neural networks. Their low power consumption and sample efficiency make these networks interesting. Recently, several deep convolutional spiking neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani

As the size of large language models continue to scale, so does the computational resources required to run it. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as an energy-efficient approach to deep learning that leverage sparse and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Rui-Jie Zhu , Qihang Zhao , Guoqi Li , Jason K. Eshraghian

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired alternative to conventional artificial neural networks, with potential advantages in power efficiency due to their event-driven computation. Despite their promise, SNNs have yet…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Wangdan Liao , Weidong Wang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) communicate via discrete spikes in time rather than continuous activations. Their event-driven nature offers advantages for temporal processing and energy efficiency on resource-constrained hardware, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Karol C. Jurzec , Tomasz Szydlo , Maciej Wielgosz

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), inspired by the spiking behavior of biological neurons, offer a distinctive approach for capturing the complexities of temporal data. However, their potential for spatial modeling in multivariate time-series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Bang Hu , Changze Lv , Mingjie Li , Yunpeng Liu , Xiaoqing Zheng , Fengzhe Zhang , Wei cao , Fan Zhang

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are bio-inspired networks that mimic how neurons in the brain communicate through discrete spikes, which have great potential in various tasks due to their energy efficiency and temporal processing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Changze Lv , Yansen Wang , Dongqi Han , Yifei Shen , Xiaoqing Zheng , Xuanjing Huang , Dongsheng Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), recognized as the third generation of neural networks, are known for their bio-plausibility and energy efficiency, especially when implemented on neuromorphic hardware. However, the majority of existing…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yi Jiang , Sen Lu , Abhronil Sengupta

Spiking neural networks (SNN) are artificial computational models that have been inspired by the brain's ability to naturally encode and process information in the time domain. The added temporal dimension is believed to render them more…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-05-29 S. R. Nandakumar , Irem Boybat , Manuel Le Gallo , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Abu Sebastian , Bipin Rajendran

Emergence of deep neural networks (DNNs) has raised enormous attention towards artificial neural networks (ANNs) once again. They have become the state-of-the-art models and have won different machine learning challenges. Although these…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Shahriar Rezghi Shirsavar , Abdol-Hossein Vahabie , Mohammad-Reza A. Dehaqani
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