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Anomaly detection (AD) plays an important role in numerous applications. We focus on two understudied aspects of AD that are critical for integration into real-world applications. First, most AD methods cannot incorporate labeled data that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Chun-Hao Chang , Jinsung Yoon , Sercan Arik , Madeleine Udell , Tomas Pfister

Anomalies are intuitively easy for human experts to understand, but they are hard to define mathematically. Therefore, in order to have performance guarantees in unsupervised anomaly detection, priors need to be assumed on what the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-08 Tiago Pimentel , Marianne Monteiro , Adriano Veloso , Nivio Ziviani

3D Anomaly Detection (AD) is a promising means of controlling the quality of manufactured products. However, existing methods typically require carefully training a task-specific model for each category independently, leading to high cost,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jiayi Cheng , Can Gao , Jie Zhou , Jiajun Wen , Tao Dai , Jinbao Wang

Few-shot multi-class industrial anomaly detection identifies diverse defects across multiple categories using a single unified model and limited normal samples. Although vision-language models offer strong generalization, modeling multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Runzhi Deng , Yundi Hu , Xinshuang Zhang , Zhao Wang , Xixi Liu , Wang-Zhou Dai , Caifeng Shan , Fang Zhao

This paper explores the problem of class-generalizable anomaly detection, where the objective is to train one unified AD model that can generalize to detect anomalies in diverse classes from different domains without any retraining or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Xincheng Yao , Zixin Chen , Chao Gao , Guangtao Zhai , Chongyang Zhang

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) aims to identify image- and pixel-level anomalies using only normal training data, with wide applications such as industrial inspection and medical analysis, where anomalies are scarce due to privacy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhe Zhang , Mingxiu Cai , Gaochang Wu , Jing Zhang , Lingqiao Liu , Dacheng Tao , Tianyou Chai , Xiatian Zhu

Dynamic graph anomaly detection (DGAD) is critical for many real-world applications but remains challenging due to the scarcity of labeled anomalies. Existing methods are either unsupervised or semi-supervised: unsupervised methods avoid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yuxing Tian , Yiyan Qi , Fengran Mo , Weixu Zhang , Jian Guo , Jian-Yun Nie

Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD) is a key data mining problem owing to its wide real-world applications. Due to the complete absence of supervision signals, UAD methods rely on implicit assumptions about anomalous patterns (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Hangting Ye , Zhining Liu , Xinyi Shen , Wei Cao , Shun Zheng , Xiaofan Gui , Huishuai Zhang , Yi Chang , Jiang Bian

The latest trend in anomaly detection is to train a unified model instead of training a separate model for each category. However, existing multi-class anomaly detection (MCAD) models perform poorly in multi-view scenarios because they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Qianzi Yu , Yang Cao , Yu Kang

Reconstruction-based anomaly detection models achieve their purpose by suppressing the generalization ability for anomaly. However, diverse normal patterns are consequently not well reconstructed as well. Although some efforts have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Wenrui Liu , Hong Chang , Bingpeng Ma , Shiguang Shan , Xilin Chen

We introduce a powerful student-teacher framework for the challenging problem of unsupervised anomaly detection and pixel-precise anomaly segmentation in high-resolution images. Student networks are trained to regress the output of a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-08 Paul Bergmann , Michael Fauser , David Sattlegger , Carsten Steger

Anomalies are samples that significantly deviate from the rest of the data and their detection plays a major role in building machine learning models that can be reliably used in applications such as data-driven design and novelty…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-19 Amin Yousefpour , Mehdi Shishehbor , Zahra Zanjani Foumani , Ramin Bostanabad

Recently, multi-class anomaly classification has garnered increasing attention. Previous methods directly cluster anomalies but often struggle due to the lack of anomaly-prior knowledge. Acquiring this knowledge faces two issues: the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Ziming Huang , Xurui Li , Haotian Liu , Feng Xue , Yuzhe Wang , Yu Zhou

Existing anomaly detection paradigms overwhelmingly focus on training detection models using exclusively normal data or unlabeled data (mostly normal samples). One notorious issue with these approaches is that they are weak in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Guansong Pang , Choubo Ding , Chunhua Shen , Anton van den Hengel

Unsupervised reconstruction networks using self-attention transformers have achieved state-of-the-art performance for multi-class (unified) anomaly detection with a single model. However, these self-attention reconstruction models primarily…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Bin-Bin Gao

This paper introduces the first fully unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) framework for unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD). The performance of UAD techniques degrades significantly in the presence of a domain shift, difficult to avoid in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Nesryne Mejri , Enjie Ghorbel , Anis Kacem , Pavel Chernakov , Niki Foteinopoulou , Djamila Aouada

Though anomaly detection (AD) can be viewed as a classification problem (nominal vs. anomalous) it is usually treated in an unsupervised manner since one typically does not have access to, or it is infeasible to utilize, a dataset that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Lukas Ruff , Robert A. Vandermeulen , Billy Joe Franks , Klaus-Robert Müller , Marius Kloft

In multi-class unsupervised anomaly detection(MUAD), reconstruction-based methods learn to map input images to normal patterns to identify anomalous pixels. However, this strategy easily falls into the well-known "learning shortcut" issue…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jiajie Quan , Ao Tong , Yuxuan Cai , Xinwei He , Yulong Wang , Yang Zhou

Existing industrial anomaly detection methods mainly determine whether an anomaly is present. However, real-world applications also require discovering and classifying multiple anomaly types. Since industrial anomalies are semantically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Botong Zhao , Qijun Shi , Shujing Lyu , Yue Lu

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) is a key ingredient of automated visual inspection in modern manufacturing. The reconstruction-based methods appeal because they have basic architectural design and they process data quickly but they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Dmytro Filatov , Valentyn Fedorov , Vira Filatova , Andrii Zelenchuk