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Recommender systems play an essential role in the choices people make in domains such as entertainment, shopping, food, news, employment, and education. The machine learning models underlying these recommender systems are often enormously…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Sahil Verma , Ashudeep Singh , Varich Boonsanong , John P. Dickerson , Chirag Shah

Counterfactuals operationalised through algorithmic recourse have become a powerful tool to make artificial intelligence systems explainable. Conceptually, given an individual classified as y -- the factual -- we seek actions such that…

People affected by machine learning model decisions may benefit greatly from access to recourses, i.e. suggestions about what features they could change to receive a more favorable decision from the model. Current approaches try to optimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Prateek Yadav , Peter Hase , Mohit Bansal

Algorithmic recourse recommends a cost-efficient action to a subject to reverse an unfavorable machine learning classification decision. Most existing methods in the literature generate recourse under the assumption of complete knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Duy Nguyen , Bao Nguyen , Viet Anh Nguyen

Machine Learning's proliferation in critical fields such as healthcare, banking, and criminal justice has motivated the creation of tools which ensure trust and transparency in ML models. One such tool is Actionable Recourse (AR) for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Jayanth Yetukuri , Ian Hardy , Yang Liu

Algorithmic recourse provides counterfactual action plans that help people overturn unfavorable AI decisions. While diverse recourse sets may improve transparency and motivation, they may also impose cognitive load and negative emotions by…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Tomu Tominaga , Naomi Yamashita , Takeshi Kurashima

With the growing use of machine learning (ML) models in critical domains such as finance and healthcare, the need to offer recourse for those adversely affected by the decisions of ML models has become more important; individuals ought to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Haochen Wu , Shubham Sharma , Sunandita Patra , Sriram Gopalakrishnan

Recourse provides individuals who received undesirable labels (e.g., denied a loan) from algorithmic decision-making systems with a minimum-cost improvement suggestion to achieve the desired outcome. However, in practice, models often get…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Phone Kyaw , Kshitij Kayastha , Shahin Jabbari

As predictive models are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes decision making (e.g., loan approvals), there has been growing interest in post hoc techniques which provide recourse to affected individuals. These techniques generate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-14 Sohini Upadhyay , Shalmali Joshi , Himabindu Lakkaraju

As predictive models are increasingly being deployed in high-stakes decision-making, there has been a lot of interest in developing algorithms which can provide recourses to affected individuals. While developing such tools is important, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Kaivalya Rawal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

Due to the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in a variety of high-stakes decisions, such as loan approval, job hiring, and criminal bail, researchers in Explainable AI (XAI) have developed algorithms to provide users with recourse…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Matthew Olckers , Toby Walsh

Algorithmic recourse aims to disclose the inner workings of the black-box decision process in situations where decisions have significant consequences, by providing recommendations to empower beneficiaries to achieve a more favorable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Ahmad-Reza Ehyaei , Amir-Hossein Karimi , Bernhard Schölkopf , Setareh Maghsudi

Machine learning based predictions are increasingly used in sensitive decision-making applications that directly affect our lives. This has led to extensive research into ensuring the fairness of classifiers. Beyond just fair…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ainhize Barrainkua , Giovanni De Toni , Jose Antonio Lozano , Novi Quadrianto

This paper proposes a new algorithm for learning accurate tree-based models while ensuring the existence of recourse actions. Algorithmic Recourse (AR) aims to provide a recourse action for altering the undesired prediction result given by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Kentaro Kanamori , Takuya Takagi , Ken Kobayashi , Yuichi Ike

Machine learning models now influence decisions that directly affect people's lives, making it important to understand not only their predictions, but also how individuals could act to obtain better results. Algorithmic recourse provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Bohdan Turbal , Iryna Voitsitska , Lesia Semenova

Algorithmic recourse recommendations, such as Karimi et al.'s (2021) causal recourse (CR), inform stakeholders of how to act to revert unfavourable decisions. However, some actions lead to acceptance (i.e., revert the model's decision) but…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-30 Gunnar König , Timo Freiesleben , Moritz Grosse-Wentrup

Existing work on Counterfactual Explanations (CE) and Algorithmic Recourse (AR) has largely focused on single individuals in a static environment: given some estimated model, the goal is to find valid counterfactuals for an individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Patrick Altmeyer , Giovan Angela , Aleksander Buszydlik , Karol Dobiczek , Arie van Deursen , Cynthia C. S. Liem

While machine learning and ranking-based systems are in widespread use for sensitive decision-making processes (e.g., determining job candidates, assigning credit scores), they are rife with concerns over unintended biases in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Aparajita Haldar , Teddy Cunningham , Hakan Ferhatosmanoglu

As algorithmic risk assessment instruments (RAIs) are increasingly adopted to assist decision makers, their predictive performance and potential to promote inequity have come under scrutiny. However, while most studies examine these tools…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Riccardo Fogliato , Alexandra Chouldechova , Zachary Lipton

Algorithmic processes are increasingly employed to perform managerial decision making, especially after the tremendous success in Artificial Intelligence (AI). This paradigm shift is occurring because these sophisticated AI techniques are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Jianlong Zhou , Sunny Verma , Mudit Mittal , Fang Chen